Origins of Scale
Mali and Songhai grew wealthy controlling trade across the Sahara in these two goods.
What are gold and salt?
This term names the ocean crossing that carried enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What is middle passage?
This sweet crop was the main product of the Caribbean plantations.
What is sugar?
A business owned by many shareholders who pool money and share profits and losses.
What is a joint-stock company?
Name one effect of the flood of American silver on Spain.
Any one: prices rose sharply (inflation); wars and debts outran income; Spain defaulted several times in the 1600s.
Atlantic slavery differed from most earlier slavery in Africa because it was permanent, hereditary, and based on this.
What is race?
Historians estimate about this many people were forced onto slave ships between the 1500s and 1800s.
What is about 12.5 million?
Virginia’s 1662 law said a child would be bond or free according to the condition of this parent.
Who is the mother?
This idea says a nation grows rich by exporting more than it imports and gathering gold and silver.
What is mercantilism?
This Bolivian city’s “rich mountain,” found in 1545, became the great silver mine of Spanish America.
What is Potosí?
After disease and forced labor collapsed Indigenous populations in the Americas, colonizers still needed workers for mines and cash crops, so they turned here.
What is West Africa?
This formerly enslaved man published a firsthand account of the crossing in 1789 that abolitionists used.
Who is Olaudah Equiano?
The average English person ate about 4 pounds of sugar a year in 1704. By 1800 it was about this many.
What is about 18 pounds?
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was founded in this year.
What is 1602?
The forced rotating labor draft of Indigenous men at Potosí, set up in 1573, had this name.
What is the mita?
Coastal African states and merchants often took part in the trade to get these European goods, which then fueled more raiding and war.
What are firearms (guns) and textiles?
Captains packed ships tightly for this simple reason.
What is profit?
Jamaica received about 662,000 enslaved Africans from 1701 to 1810, but its Black population in 1838 was only about this many.
What is just over 300,000?
Name two government-like powers the East India companies held.
Any two: build forts, keep armies, make treaties, wage war, hold a trade monopoly.
China wanted silver because taxes were paid in it, and silver was worth about this many times more there than in Spain.
What is about twice as much?
Name the three legs of the triangular trade and what moved on each.
Europe to Africa: manufactured goods. Africa to the Americas: enslaved people (the Middle Passage). Americas to Europe: cash crops and raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, cotton, rum.
In 1781 the owners of this ship filed an insurance claim for Africans thrown overboard, and a British court treated it as a property dispute.
What is Zong?
In 1833 Britain paid £20 million to this group, while the formerly enslaved received nothing.
Who are the slaveholders?
In 1621 the VOC seized these islands, the world's only source of nutmeg.
What are the Banda Islands?
These ships carried silver from Acapulco to Manila and brought silk and porcelain back.
What is the Manila Galleons?