Inflammatory Response, Pain Control and Administrative Concerns
Ultrasound
Superficial Cold and Heat
Electrical Stimulation
Mechanical Therapy
100
The are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation.
What are redness, heat, pain, swelling, and loss of function.
100
This output frequency will penetrate deeper into the tissue
What is 1 MHz
100
Superficial heating agents are able to penetrate this deep.
What is less than 2 cm.
100
This type of electrical current is identified by the fact that electron flow is interrupted by discrete periods of no electron flow.
What is pulsed current?
100
This modality is considered one of the oldest healing techniques
What is massage?
200
Pain threshold is often based on the recruitment of these fibers
What is A- Delta
200
This temperature increase is required to decrease muscle spasm and pain
What is 2-3°C?
200
This is the only true benefit from the use of a vapocoolant spray.
What is pain control
200
This property of electrical current identifies the maximum distance that the pulse rises above or below the isoelectric point.
What is amplitude?
200
This is the common treatment duration when using lumbar or cervical traction to treat muscle spasm.
What is 20 minutes?
300
This organization develops safety standards and regulations to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses
What is OSHA (Occupations Safety and Health Association)
300
A beam nonuniformity ratio of greater than this is considered unacceptable and potentially harmful.
What is 8:1
300
This many layers of terry-cloth towel should be placed between the skin and moist heat pack
What is 6
300
This is the type of current that interferential stimulators use.
What is alternating current?
300
Continuous passive motion can possibly provide pain reduction via the gate mechanism, which occurs from the stimulation of afferent nerves located in these tissues. (must get all tissues for the points)
What is skin, joint and muscle?
400
This type of afferent peripheral nerve is a muscle spindle
What is Ia
400
This describes the amount of energy passing through the sound head’s effective radiating area.
What is spatial average intensity
400
This is a primary hemodynamic effect of cold application.
What is increased blood viscosity
400
This is used to measure a material’s resistance to the movement of electrons
What is Ohms?
400
In general, acute conditions are commonly treated with this laser output
What is less than 0.5 J/cm2?
500
This inflammatory pain mediator is released by mast cells to directly stimulate nociceptors.
What is histamine.
500
At a depth of 5 cm, tissue temperature increase at this rate when 1-MHz ultrasound is used at 2 W/cm2.
What is 0.4°C/minute
500
Cryotherapy modalities have a temperature range between 32°F and ____°F.
What is 65
500
This stimulation level has an intensity that produces a visible muscle contraction without causing pain.
What is motor level stimulation?
500
Surface electrodes should be placed this far apart when using electromyographic biofeedback.