Which Modals?
Which two modals or similar expressions are used to express advice?
should, ought to
You__________(tell) how badly he played. You hurt her feelings.
shouldn't have told
He started to perform when he was a child. (since)
He has performed/has been performing since he was a child.
Which 5 modals or similar expressions are used to express a possibility?
may, might,can, be able to & could
She should had told me that she wasn't coming to class today.
Change had to have.
He _________________ ( possibility) move to Miami next year.
may, might, could
I think__________(leave) my flute on the bus or at school. I'm going to check now.
may/ might have left
The clarinetist played several wrong notes during her performance.(while)
The clarinest played several wrong notes while she was performing/ While the clarinest was performing, she played several wrong notes.
Which two modals are used to express strong disbelief or negative deduction(one is the past of the other)
can't and couldn't
Could have he missed the train?
Could he have missed the train?
Let's not drive to the stadium. We________(take) a bus instead.
should/can/could/may/ might
I'm sorry I didn't call you earlier. (should)
I should have called you earlier.
Which modals are used to express obligation?
have to and must
There may is another rehearsal tomorrow.
Change is to be
Jim ________________ (certainty/strong belief) work long hours because I usually don't see him get home until after 9:00 every night.
must
You_______(talk) on the phone during the concert.
mustn't
We decorated the house. Then everyone arrived for the party. ( by the time )
By the time everyone arrived for the party, we had decorated the house/ We had decorated the house by the time everyone arrived for the party.
Which modal is used to express obligation in the past tense?
had to
You should haven't give up. It was important to keep going.
You shouldn't have given up.
You________________(lack of necessity)learn the lyrics of the song
needn't, don't have to/need to
Little Johnny was angry at his sister, so he bit her finger. Now he is punished and cannot watch his favorite cartoon. Johnny __________________(bite) his sister
shouldn't have bitten
On Saturday, the band will be celebrating 50 years of being together. (by this time next week)
By this time next week, the band will have been together for 50 years./ The band will have been together by this time next week.