Modals

Which Modals?

100

Which two modals or similar expressions are used to express advice that is not urgent?

should, ought to

200

Which two modals or similar expressions are used to express a future possibility?

may, might

300

Which  modal  may be used to express an almost 100% certain negative assumption. (when something is basically impossible)

can't 

400

Which two modals or similar expressions are used to express a present necessity in the affirmative?

have to and must

500

Which modal or similar expression is used to express an affirmative necessity/obligation in the past tense?

had to

Editing Errors

100

^{Ought to} I go to the doctor?

Replace ought to with should.

200

I ^must to do homework yesterday 

had to

300

María ^can be ill. She hasn't gone to school. ( possibility)

may

400

Last year, he had got to take ESOL 042, ESOL 043, and ESOL 044.

Remove got.

500

It............( remote possibility)  start now but I don't think so.

might

Modals & Similar Expressions (15)

100

Most evenings, Jennifer _____________________(ability) finish her homework in less than 15 minutes.

can or is able to

200

^{It is prohibited} to leave the room

you mustn't leave...

300

^{There is no necessity} to come this evening. There is nothing to do.

you needn't...

you don't need...

you don't have ....

400

Jim ________________ (almost 100% certain assumption) work long hours because I usually don't see him get home until after 9:00 every night. ( deduction)

must

500

Sandra ______________________ (deduction negative ) be planning to get married soon because she has not started shopping for her dress yet. 

can't

Miscelanea

100

Roger forgot to buy a gift for his wife's birthday, and now she is upset. He ______have remembered   to buy her a present.

should

200

Ask for permission to use the mobile

Can/may I use the mobile?

300

He could skate when he was five

ABLE.....................................

shouldn't have tried or ought not to have tried

400

Express the ability that your friend will have  to cook

my friend will be able to cook

500

Translate this sentence :

Ella tuvo que disculparse

she had to apologise

Complete & translate (17)

100

I think it's María's teacher 

MUST......................

SHE MUST BE MARÍA'S TEACHER

200

Nick ____________________(lose) over 50 pounds yesterday . He looks so thin now. (I am almost certain about this.) ( deduction in the past)

must have lost 

300

The package that I was expecting ____________________ (arrive) today because I don't see a box sitting in front of my door. (I am slightly less than 100% certain about this.)

must not have arrived

400

Translate this sentence :

Ellos deben estar orgullosos de ella

they must be proud of her

500

Translate the sentence :

Dentro de cinco años podremos ver robots haciendo el trabajo de la casa.

In five years we'll be able to see robots doing the housework