Present
He ____ ride a bike. (ability, positive)
He can ride a bike.
A: I failed the test.
B: You ______ ______ studied harder.
You should have studied harder.
A: I have a bad hangover today.
B: You _________ ______ drunk so much last night.
You shouldn't have drunk so much last night.
_____ you lend me your pencil?
Can/could you lend me your pencil?
A: Michael has been absent for a long time.
B: ______ he _____ gone back to his country?
A: I'm not sure.
Could he have gone back to his country?
They ______ cook very well. (ability, negative)
They can't cook very well.
Oleksii was absent from school last week. He ____ _____ been sick. (possibility)
Oleksii was absent from school last week. He may/could/might have been sick.
I _______ ___ my homework last night because the power in my apartment went out.
I couldn't do my homework last night because the power in my apartment went out.
_______ I include a cover letter with my resume?
Should I write include a cover letter with my resume?
A: We are out of cash and can't pay the check!
B: ______ we _____ gone to an ATM before coming to the restaurant?
A: Definitely.
Should we have gone to an ATM before coming the restaurant?
Employees ______ wash their hands. (necessity)
Employees must wash their hands.
A: My train was delayed two hours this morning.
B: You ______ ___ _____ taken the bus. (advice)
You ought to have taken the bus.
Zulia _______ ____ to do her homework last night because the power in her apartment went out.
Zulia wasn't able to do her homework last night because the power in her apartment went out.
_____ I go to the bathroom? (very polite)
May I go to the bathroom?
A: Oh, no! I missed my flight!
B: ________ you _____ arrived at the airport earlier?!
A: Yes. :(
Shouldn't you have arrived at the airport earlier?!
If you are sick, you ________ stay home. (advice)
If you are sick, you should stay home.
Carlos arrived late to class today. He _____ _____ _____ trouble finding a parking spot. (95% sure)
He must have had trouble finding a parking spot.
A: Happy birthday!! I got you some flowers.
B: Oh! You ________ _______.
Oh! You shouldn't have.
___ we _____ to write the assignment on a separate sheet of paper?
Do we have to write the assignment on a separate sheet of paper?
A: Anastassiya looks very happy today.
B: ______ she _____ gotten a new job?
Could she have gotten a new job?
_____ I borrow your pen? (very polite)
May I borrow your pen?
I had extra money at the end of last year, so I ____ _____ ___ take a nice vacation. (ability)
I had extra money at the end of last year, so I was able to take a nice vacation.
The student came to school during the spring break. She ____ ____ _____ realized that school was closed.
She may/might not have realized that school was closed.
Teacher: Let's do a writing exercise in class.
Student: ______ we play a game instead.
Can't/Couldn't we play a game instead?
A: We don't know which books to bring to class tomorrow.
B: __________ the teacher ______ told us?
Shouldn't the teacher have told us?