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If he had studied harder, he ______ have passed the exam easily.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam easily
You ______ be joking! There’s no way that story is true.
You must be joking!
She ______ have taken the wrong train; otherwise she would be here by now.
She might / could have taken the wrong train.
We ______ leave early tomorrow if we want to avoid the traffic.
We should / ought to leave early tomorrow.
They ______ have told us about the change in schedule earlier.
They should have told us about the change earlier.
I’m not sure, but he ______ be the person we met at the conference.
He might / could be the person we met.
You ______ smoke here; it’s strictly prohibited.
You mustn’t / can’t smoke here.
By the time you arrive, we ______ already have finished the meeting
By the time you arrive, we will already have finished the meeting.
You ______ have worried so much; everything turned out fine.
You needn’t have worried so much.
If I were you, I ______ reconsider that decision carefully.
If I were you, I would reconsider that decision.
He ______ have been working all night; that’s why he looks exhausted.
He must have been working all night.
The results ______ have been better if the team had communicated more effectively.
The results might / could have been better.
Under no circumstances ______ you reveal this information to anyone.
Under no circumstances shall you reveal this information.
She ______ not have realized the consequences of her actions at the time.
She may / might not have realized the consequences.
One ______ argue that the policy was implemented too quickly.
One could argue that the policy was implemented too quickly.