Ecological Model
A patient wants to improve their diet after listening to a podcast about proper nutrition
Intrapersonal
A college student doesn’t wear sunscreen because they don’t believe skin cancer could happen to them
Perceived Susceptibility
A smoker says that they don’t smoke that much, so they don’t need to quit
Precontemplation
This HBM term means the idea that something bad can happen to me
Perceived susceptibility
Seatbelt laws, FDA restrictions on flavored e-cigarettes, and Medicaid expansion are examples of this broadest level of influence
Societal or Public Policy Factors
Teen avoids drinking because their friends never do anything like that
Interpersonal
Mr. Green doesn’t believe in getting a flu shot because he thinks the side effects outweigh the benefits
Perceived Barriers
Patient says I should workout more but I am too busy with school right now
Contemplation
In the Transtheoretical Model this is the stage where the person is not thinking about change yet
Precontemplation
Rules, regulations, and policies in schools, workplaces, and churches fall under this level of influence.
Organizational or Institutional Factors
A law office started a step challenge to see who can walk to most and have prizes as incentives
organizational
A young woman starts to workout more because their doctor explained that it would help lower their risk of heart disease
Perceived Benefits
Mindy bought a new workout set, apple watch, and on cloud sneakers so she can start her running journey next week
Preparation
Confidence someone has in their ability to take action
Self-efficacy
This level considers neighborhoods, safety, local norms, and coalitions working together to improve health outcomes
Community Factors
The government raised cigarette taxes to reduce smoking
Societal/Policy Factors
A woman receives a text reminder from her clinic about her mammogram appointment
Cues to Action
A young teen starting using nicotine gum and patches to stop vaping, and starting telling their friends about it
Action
In the social ecological model this level includes the influence of family, friends, peers about their health behaviors
Interpersonal level
In the Health Belief Model, what is a cue to action?
A reminder to make a change (like a doctor’s advice).
A local church has a Blood Pressure screening monthly
Community factors
Kayla has recently been diagnosed with diabetes, and she learned how to take her blood sugar and feels confident managing it each time
Self efficacy
Someone who used to struggle with alcohol, now avoids the bar and says “ I don’t even want to drink every again”
Termination
This theory assumes health is influenced by internal and external cues to action
Health Belief Model
In the Transtheoretical Model, what stage comes after preparation?
Action