OSI Model
Which layer converts digital data to signals?
Physical
Name the TCP/IP layer responsible for formatting data for user applications.
Application layer
How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
32
What determines the size of each subnet?
Subnet Mask
In an IP configuration, which address tells a computer where to send non-local packets?
default gateway
Which layer is responsible for data encryption?
Presentation
Which layer handles IP addressing?
Internet
How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128
What is the primary function of DNS?
Translates domain names to IP addresses
What protocol checks connectivity between two devices?
Ping
What unit of data does the Data Link layer handle?
Frame
Which protocol provides reliable transmission in the Transport layer?
TCP
What protocol assigns IP addresses automatically?
DHCP
If the default gateway is down, which type of communication fails first?
External / Internet access
logical communication endpoint used by the transport layer (TCP/UDP) to identify specific processes or services.
port
What addressing scheme is used at the Data Link layer?
MAC
What is the main function of the Transport layer in the TCP/IP model?
End-to-end delivery / Reliability
What does NAT stand for?
Network Address Translation
What is the subnet mask for a /24 network?
255.255.255.0
What procotol/command shows the route taken by a data packet to reach the destination?
traceroute
Which layer establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions?
Session
What is the purpose of the TCP/IP model?
The TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a conceptual framework that standardizes the protocols used for transmitting data over networks.
What is the maximum number of IPv4 addresses possible?
4.3 Billion
What type of address is found in the frame header?
MAC Address
What field in a frame checks for transmission errors?
Checksum/FCS / CRC