1
Enforced divine right. Brought absolutist policies to England. Executed in 1649
Charles I
ruled Russia fron 1762-1796 and took steps to modernize russia
Cathrine the Great
port that is free of ice year round
warm-water port
protestant who disagreed with the church of england
dissenters/puritans
adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
westernization
Absolute in power or authority
Autocratic
The Golden Century
Siglo d'oro
division
partitition
a professional soldier hired by a foreign army that burned villages and terrorised villages
mercenary
Famous Spanish painter. Painted Religious paintings and Spanish Nobles. Used Vibrant Colors
El Greco
Reduction in population
Depopulation
treaty that ended the thirty years war
Peace of Westphalia
Ruled Spain. Strengthened Catholicism. Absolute Monarch: complete control over government and people. Declared he ruled by divine right. Fought to preserve Spanish Catholic Power. Wanted to Eliminate rivals Saw Queen. Elizabeth I of England as Protestant Enemy. Formed Armada to invade England. English ships were faster and defeated the Spanish fleet. Supporter of the arts and founded academies for science and Math
Phillip II
a region within a german state that emerged as a new protestant power
Prussia
the Catholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia
Ferdinand
7 leading German princes that chose the Holy Roman Emperor
Electors
Holy roman emperor and king of Spain. Ruled two empires.
Charles V
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) and defeated King Charles
abolished monarchy, respected the beliefs of other protestants and welcomed jews back to England. did not tolerate open catholic worship brought new puritan laws
Oliver Cromwell
Power is defined and limited by law
Constitutional Govt
seized the hapsburg province of silesia
Frederick II
First Stuart king of England in 1603
James I
economic advisor to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient. Brought prosperity to France.
Jean Baptiste Colbert
capital city and major port that Peter the Great established in 1703
St. Petersburg
Wrote Don Quixote. Known as Europes first Modern Novel
Miguel de Cervantes
This was the tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army.
Peter the Great