Russia & The Soviet Union
Who led the Bolsheviks in October 1917?
Lenin
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Peace treaty ending WWI, harsh on Germany
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
Leader of North Vietnam, Viet Minh/Viet Cong
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
A Baptist minister and leader of the Civil Rights Movement, known for nonviolent protest and the “I Have a Dream” speech.
Who introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921?
Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921 to revive the economy after War Communism.
What was War Communism?
Policy of grain requisition, nationalisation, rationing during Civil War
What year did Hitler become Chancellor?
1933
What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
1964, US claims NV attacked, led to escalation
What was the significance of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision?
It declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and inspiring wider civil rights action.
What was the main purpose of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
The Nuremberg Laws institutionalised racial discrimination by banning marriages between Jews and non-Jews and stripping Jews of citizenship.
What year was the New Economic Policy introduced?
1921
Name one feature of fascism.
Nationalism, authoritarianism, militarism, etc.
Why did the US adopt the policy of Vietnamisation?
The U.S. adopted Vietnamisation to reduce American casualties, cut costs, respond to public opposition at home, and shift the fighting burden to South Vietnam while still containing communism.
Describe the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
A 1955–56 protest sparked by Rosa Parks, where African Americans refused to use segregated buses; led to desegregation of buses and MLK’s rise as a leader.
Describe the significance of the 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
Dien Bien Phu (1954) was a major Viet Minh victory over the French, forcing their withdrawal and leading to the Geneva Accords.
Name one effect of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans.
Rapid industrialisation / poor living conditions / increased production
How did the Night of the Long Knives consolidate Hitler’s power?
By eliminating Röhm and the SA, Hitler removed rivals, won army support, reassured conservatives, and created fear—securing his absolute power.
Name one tactic used by the Viet Cong.
Guerrilla warfare, tunnels, propaganda.
What was the role of Malcolm X in the movement?
He promoted Black pride, self-defense, and separation from white society, offering a more militant alternative to MLK’s nonviolence.
What role did the Freedom Rides of 1961 play in the Civil Rights Movement?
The Freedom Rides tested desegregation laws on interstate buses; they exposed Southern racism and forced federal enforcement.
Explain one way the Great Terror helped Stalin consolidate power
Removed rivals, created fear, ensured loyalty, etc.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the League of Nations.
The League had some early successes in settling minor disputes, but it was ineffective against major powers—lacking enforcement, U.S. membership, and authority—ultimately failing to prevent WWII.
To what extent did US bombing campaigns impact North Vietnam?
US bombing caused heavy destruction and civilian casualties but failed to break North Vietnamese resolve or stop supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail—impact was limited.
Assess the impact of the Civil Rights Act (1964).
It outlawed segregation and discrimination in public places and employment, marking a major legal victory, though racism and inequality persisted.
Assess the impact of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans on Soviet society and the economy.
Stalin’s Five-Year Plans rapidly industrialised the USSR, boosted military strength, but caused poor living conditions, famine, and harsh labour.