Enlightenment
Believed education was vital for securing equal rights for women
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which estate paid the most taxes in pre-revolutionary France?
the third estate
who is the leader of the Haitian Revolution who is a former enslaved person himself?
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Multi-family apartment buildings
tenements
Who took over the Congo for Belgium?
King Leopold II
This thinker argued that governments must protect people’s natural rights
John Locke
What changes did Napoleon make when he rose to power? (Name 2)
Napoleonic Code, Napoleonic Wars (tried to expand empire), jobs based on merit, education was military training, women lost rights
Who is the colonial power in control of Brazil at this time?
Portugal
Group of workers organized to bargain for higher wages and improved working conditions
labor union
What was an effect of the Berlin Conference?
European countries took over territories in Africa and created new borders that did not follow traditional or cultural borders
Believed power must be shared in a government among different branches
Montesquieu
Name 2 causes of the French Revolution
In debt from spending money on wars in America → American Revolution (helped colonists to fight against Britain) and French & Indian War or Seven Years War (against colonists & Britain, lost land claims in USA)
Deficit spending, borrowing money from other countries
Extravagant spending of monarchs before→ such as Louis XIV on Palace of Versailles. Marie Antoinette gambling
Bad harvest: hailstorm & drought, frozen rivers = no power mills
leader who helped many countries in Latin America gain independence against the Spanish
Simon Bolivar
what was an effect of the Agricultural Revolution?
-farmers lost jobs, moved to cities (urbanization)
-better farming techniques & technology --> increased food production, people lived longer
What are 3 reasons counties wanted to imperialize? (motives)
natural resources, need for new markets for manufactured products, social Darwinism (belief in racial superiority), desire for more land/power/status (world superpower), "duty" to civilize other people, want to establish military bases for protection in other parts of the world
This thinker argued that people are natural cruel and need absolute government
Thomas Hobbes
What was the rationale for the Reign of Terror?
What is the difference between the social structure in France and the social structure in many countries in Latin America?
in Latin America it is based on race, while in France it is based on socioeconomic status
Name at least 3 reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain
-geography (island), capital, labor, favorable climate for business, entrepreneurs, natural resources
Explain 3 reasons why the Sepoy Rebellion might have occurred
-animal fat in rifles which was against their religion
-decline in pay/status/respect
-offended that the British wanted to convert them to Christianity
-lack of say in the government
What is divine right?
the idea that the power to rule comes directly from God
What government did France have pre-revolution and what type of government did they move to during the revolution when they published the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
went from an absolute monarchy to a republic
Why was the Haitian Revolution considered to be so revolutionary?
because it was a revolt made up of people who were enslaved and it successfully abolished slavery
What is the difference between capitalism & communism?
capitalism: private ownership of business, the government does not interfere, competition is good, unequal distribution of wealth as a result (Adam Smith)
communism: government owns the means of production and it is shared evenly amongst the people, in theory a response to capitalism not being fair, although does not quite play out fair in practice (Karl Marx
What changed in India after the Sepoy Rebellion occurred?
India went from being owned by the British East India Company to being owned by the British government