Fighters
She was called “The Moses of Her People” and was a conductor on the Underground Railroad for over 10 years.
Harriett Tubman
This stated that the southern border of Missouri was as far north as slavery could go. Only Missourians could hold slaves north of that line.
The Missouri Compromise
Southern whites who supported the Radical Republicans, often for selfish reasons.
Scalawags
The process of restoring the seceded Southern states to the Union. It started when Lincoln instituted military governments in the territories the Union recaptured from seceded southern States in March 1862 and ended with the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877.
Reconstruction
These laws established “segregation,” rules that demanded separation between blacks and whites living in the same community.
The Jim Crow Laws
A radical abolitionist who raided Harpers Ferry with the hope of using its arsenal to provide weapons and ammunition to arm rebel slaves.
John Brown
Part of the Compromise of 1850, it stated that every law officer, North or South, was legally bound to help return escaped slaves to their owners. Southerners could pursue their slaves deep into Northern territory and Northern lawmen were obligated to help them track the slaves down.
The Fugitive Slave Act
The first compromise between the north and the south. It stated that Southern states could a percentage of their slaves to their population count which directly affected the number of representatives they had in the House.
The ⅗ Compromise
A government agency created in 1865 to provide for the needs of freed slaves. They built schools, provided help with food, housing and medical care.
The Freedmen’s Bureau
How did the North and the South view states' rights?
Southerners believed in strong state governments with limited power for the federal government. Northerners wanted a strong federal government with only limited power for the states.
The most prominent abolitionist leader of the 1800’s and the first Black citizen to hold high rank in the US government.
Frederick Douglass
The Union was indignant over Lincoln’s murder and acted quickly on one of his last wishes, the passage of this which finally and formally banned slavery everywhere in the US, EXCEPT as a punishment for a crime.
The 13th amendment
Members of Lincoln’s former party who won election to Congress. They wanted to punish the South - SEVERELY - for both the Civil War & Lincoln’s assassination and passed a series of laws, The Reconstruction amendments.
Radical Republicans
This government decree discouraged Britain from supporting the Confederacy because Slavery was illegal and unpopular in Britain and the British wouldn’t support a Confederacy linked to the advancement of slavery
The Emancipation Proclamation
This government decree hanged the character and goal of the Civil War and freed between 3 and 4 million slaves before the war was over.
The Emancipation Proclamation
Known for his philosophy of “hard war” or “total war.” He believed that the Union must punish Confederate soldiers AND civilians whose production of food and weapons made their soldiers’ rebellion possible.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Made it illegal to deny anyone voting rights "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
The 15th Amendment
A Supreme Court pro-slavery ruling. The court ruled that since this person was born a slave, he was not a citizen and therefore had no right to sue anyone. It also said that the US Congress had no power to take away a slaveholder’s property by designating new territories as free.
The Dred Scott Decision
Granted citizenship to ALL persons born or naturalized in the US, including enslaved peoples. It also stated that they cannot be deprived of life, liberty or property.
The 14th Amendment
Emperor Pedro II of Brazil took a stand against slavery, he believed it shamed his nation. He did this in two steps, what were they?
1. 1850 - Brazil banned the importation of new slaves.
2. 1871 - Brazil declared that children born to slave women were free at birth.
A secret organization of Southerners who resisted the military governments of the Southern states during Reconstruction. Most were former Confederate soldiers who still felt that the South should be left to govern themselves. They strongly opposed the Radical Republicans.
The Ku Klux Klan
A 1854 law that established that allowed for “popular sovereignty” which permitted people who settled in those territories to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery in their borders.
The Kansas Nebraska Act
Greedy opportunists from the North who moved South to win political office. They were known for their cheap luggage made from pieces of old rugs. The Southerners saw them as enemy occupiers.
Carpetbaggers
What was one of President Johnson's moves that obstructed Reconstruction and broke his relationship with the Senate?
In his first months as President, Johnson cleared the way for Southern states to return to the union without allowing freed slaves to vote which allowed secessionists to return to power
He vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Bill in July 1866 which would have continued it for a year. Congress overrode his veto and soon started the Congressional Reconstruction.
Describe on of the main economic divisions between the North and South.
The North had little need for slaves since their economy was based on industry, mining, trade, transportation and family farms. The North had a large and growing population due to its more numerous cities, high birth rates and European immigration.
The South was heavily dependent on slave labor because their economy was based largely on plantation farming of labor-intensive crops like cotton and tobacco. The South depended on the North for manufactured goods. Only about one third of Southern whites were slave owners but they were the wealthiest and most influential.
Southern traders tried to bring in manufactured goods from Europe to bypass Northern traders and manufacturers. But the government placed high tariffs or import taxes on the goods so the South would be forced to buy from the North.