These 7, largely Protestant northern provinces, declared their independence from Spain in 1579
What are the Netherlands (Dutch)?
100
The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain is called
What is skepticism?
100
This conflict over religion and territory and for power among European ruling families lasted for a very long time and destroyed much life and property, especially in the German principalities.
What is the 30 Years War?
100
This Russian title means "caesar"
What is czar?
100
This group of government ministers, or officials, acted in the ruler’s name but in reality represented the major party of Parliament.
What is cabinet?
200
This Spanish social class did not have to pay any taxes.
Who were nobles?
200
This most powerful ruler in French history reportedly boasted, “L’état, c’est moi,” meaning “I am the state.”
Who is Louis XIV?
200
This family ruled the Austrian Empire up until WWI
What is the Hapsburg?
200
Russia's landowning nobles were called
What is boyars?
200
The bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the
What is the Glorious Revolution?
300
The publication of his Don Quixote de la Mancha in 1605 is often called the birth of the modern European novel.
Who is Miguel de Cervantes?
300
In 1598, Henry of Navarre declared that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities in this declaration of religious toleration
What is the Edict of Nantes?
300
This first true "world war" began in 1756 and was fought by every great European power in Europe, India, and North America.
What is the Seven Years War?
300
This dynasty ruled Russia for 300 years (1613–1917).
What is Romanov?
300
This time period saw Charles II bring back the British monarchy.
What is the Restoration?
400
The mania for these bulbs in the Netherlands created millionaires overnight while plunging other speculators into poverty.
What are tulips?
400
This Catholic Church leader became the virtual ruler of France while serving as Louis XIII’s minister.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu?
400
This 1648 treaty introduced a new method of peace negotiation, still used today, whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
400
This czar, who helped westernize Russia, was known as one of Russia's greatest reformers.
Who is Peter the Great?
400
He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords in 1649 and established a commonwealth, but eventually became a military dictator.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
500
Absolute monarchs believed in this idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.
What is Divine Right (of Kings)?
500
This war from 1701 to 1714 finally ended with The Treaty of Utrecht which allowed Louis XIV's grandson to remain king of Spain so long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united.
What is the War of the Spanish Succession?
500
This family ruled the Prussian Empire (in present-day Germany)
Who are the Hohenzollerns?
500
Peter the Great established this Russian capital city.
What is St. Petersburg?
500
This 1679 law gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner. The judge would decide whether the prisoner should be tried or set free.