VS
Pain is widely regarded as the ____ vital sign
fifth
How long do you count for when assessing apical pulse?
60 seconds
—Use to hear low-frequency sounds
Bell
___________ is difficulty or inability to breathe when in a horizontal position. You will observe this in some clients with respiratory or cardiac conditions.
Orthopnea
__________ is one of the most common and most serious infections. Those who take antibiotics, especially older adults, are greatest risk for acquiring ________
Clostridium difficile; C. difficile
What is the Mean Adult Temperature?
98°F–98.6°F (36.7°C–37°C)*
___________ medications can reduce fever, but you should think critically before taking or administering them for a moderate fever because of the beneficial effects discussed earlier. This does not mean that you should never administer, or take, antipyretic medications because they may be needed to promote comfort and keep the temperature from becoming dangerously high (above 105.8°F [41.0°C])
Antipyretic
the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
True or False: In adults pull the pinna downwards and back
False...up and back
Destroy helminths; mediate allergic reactions; have limited role in phagocytosis. Percentage increases in parasitic infections.
Which type of WBC is this?
Eosinophils: 1%–3% of total WBCs
What is the Average Normal Pulse Range for Adults?
60–100 beats/min
Fever, or _______ , is an oral temperature higher than 100°F (37.8°C), or a rectal temperature of 101°F (38.3°C) in an adult. A person with a fever is said to be ______ ; one without fever is ______ .
pyrexia; febrile; afebrile
Using a cuff or bladder of the incorrect size can result in a measurement error of as much as 30 mm Hg. If the cuff is too narrow, your reading will be too ____; if it is too wide, the reading will be too ____.
high; low
Other microorganisms are beneficial or even essential for human health and well-being. They are referred to as _________ __________.
normal flora
You must assume that every patient is potentially colonized or infected with an organism that could be passed to others in the healthcare setting.
Standard precautions,
Average Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults?
12–20 breaths/min
________ is the transfer of heat through currents of air or water. Nurses use this principle to intentionally raise or lower a patient’s body temperature. For example:
■ Immersion in a warm bath may raise body temperature for a hypothermic client.
■ The currents of cool air produced by a fan can help reduce a fever.
Convection
_______________ have a higher rate of hypertension than do European Americans, and they have a higher incidence of complications and hypertension-related deaths
African Americans
____________________is the single most important activity for preventing and controlling infection.
Hand hygiene
_____________—For organisms spread by direct contact with the patient or his environment. This is the most common form of transmission.
Contact Precautions
What is normal BP range for adults?
<120 mm Hg systolic and <80 mm Hg diastolic
A ___________ fever is the body’s natural defense against infection (up to 103°F, or 39.5°C) and although uncomfortable, it does not pose a threat to most clients. A fever is beneficial because it enhances the immune response.
moderate
Chronic hypoxia causes _______ (loss of the nail angle) of the fingers
clubbing
_________ means “without life” and therefore no infectious organisms.
Sterile
For pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions (e.g., sneezing, coughing, talking); pathogens that do not remain infectious over long distances.
Droplet Precautions —