Epidemiology
Commonly referred to as the foundation of public health, the study aids our understanding of the nature, extent, and cause of public health problems and provides important information for improving people's health and social conditions.
Epidemiology
A specific event, condition, or characteristic that precedes the health outcome and is necessary for its occurrence.
Cause
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
Epidemic
Mix Epidemic
An inanimate (nonliving) object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a untensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission.
Formite
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
Descriptive Epidemiology
The behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that increases the chance of developing an adverse health outcome.
Risk Factor
An epidemic that is confined to a localized geographic area.
Outbreak
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition.
Case
An invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from on host to another.
Vector
This involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events.
Analytic Epidemiology
The ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not.
Efficacy
An epidemic that affects or attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
Pandemic
The first disease case in the population is idenified as who?
Primary Case
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies, and on which it depdens for its survival in nature.
Reservior
The number of health-related states or events and their relationship to the size of the population.
Frequency
The ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are offered the program.
Effectiveness
What is the ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people? What is a disease said to be?
Endemic
A person who becomes infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who is infected as a result of contact with the primary case.
Secondary Case.
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
Carrier
Health-related states or events by who is experiencing the health-related state or event (person), where the occurrence of the state or event is highest or lowest (place), and when the state or event occurs most or least (time).
Epidemiology Patterns.
What four epidemiologic aspects are used by epidemiologists for public health policy, planning, and individual decision making?
1. Assessment.
2. Cause.
3. Clinical picture.
4. Evaluation
Epidemics are often described by how they spread through the population. What are the two primary types of infectious diseases?
1. Common Source epidemic.
2. Propagated epidemic.
What is the triangle aspects of Epidemology?
1. Host - Inpacts exposure susceptibility
2. Infectious Agent - Cause
3. Environment - Impacts opportunity for exposure.
Carriers have been found to have several different conditions or states. Traditionally, five types of carriers have been identified byt eh public health and medical fields.
1. Active Carrier
2. Convalescent carrier
3. Healthy carrier also called passive carrier
4. incubatory carrier
5. Intermittent carrier