Crime and Criminal Justice
Define the concept of criminal justice.
Agencies that dispense justice and the process by
which justice is carried out.
What Are the Different Categories of Crime? There are five.
Violent, Property, Public Order, Economic, Organized Crimes
Social scientists who use the scientific method to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
Who are criminologist?
Civil law is?
All laws that are not criminal.
What is referred to as the "criminal justice assembly line?"
What is the purpose of the criminal justice system?
Protecting the public, maintaining order, enforcing the law, identifying transgressors, bringing
the guilty to justice, and treating criminal behavior.
What report is used by the FBI to compile criminal acts reported to the police? How are they categorized?
Uniform Crime Report; Part I and Part II
People choose to commit crime after weighing the potential benefits and consequences of their criminal act.
The body of specific rules declares what conduct is criminal and prescribes the punishment to be imposed for such conduct.
This sets out the basic rules of practice in the criminal justice system.
What is Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law?
What are institutions of social control?
Society’s ability to control individual behavior in order to serve the best interests and welfare of the society as a whole.
Social Control
What survey is used to survey victims about their experiences with law violation?
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Situational crime prevention is based on this criminological theory, which suggests that crime occurs when a motivated offender encounters a suitable target without a capable guardian.
What is the Routine Activities Theory?
These crimes are inherently evil, however, these crimes that reflect existing social and economic conditions.
Mala in se; Mala prohibitum
This federal law enforcement agency was established in 1908 and is responsible for investigating federal crimes.
Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
What is the name of the first police agency?
London Metropolitan Police
Explain Consensus and Conflict View.
Consensus View: The view that certain behaviors must be outlawed or controlled, and that criminal law is designed to protect citizens from social harm.
Conflict View: The law is the instrument that enables the wealthy to maintain their position of power and control the behavior of those who oppose their ideas and values or who might rebel against the unequal distribution of wealth.
This type of deterrence aims to discourage crime by making an example of punished offenders, warning others of the consequences.
What is general deterrence?
The roots of the criminal codes used in the United States can be traced back to such early legal charters as:
What is The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi?
People learn to commit crime from exposure to antisocial behaviors. Criminal behavior depends on the person’s experiences with rewards for conventional behaviors and punishments for deviant ones. Being rewarded for deviance leads to crime.
What is Social Learning Theory.
This uses the scientific method to determine whether criminal justice programs reduce crime rates and offender recidivism.
Evidence-Based Justice
Why do we study crime trends?
Studying crime trends helps law enforcement, policymakers, and researchers understand how crime patterns change over time and how to respond effectively.
1. Identify Patterns & Causes of Crime
2. Improve Law Enforcement Strategies
3. Evaluate the Effectiveness of Policies & Laws
4. Understand Victimization Patterns
5. Inform Public Awareness & Safety Measures
6. Compare Local, National, & Global Crime Trends
This theory suggests that crime occurs in areas with social disorganization, weak community ties, and a lack of social institutions.
What is Social Disorganization Theory?
To fulfill the legal definition of a crime, all elements of the defining statute must be proved, including the following:
Actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind).
This Southern law enforcement group, active in the 1700s and early 1800s, was created to track down runaway enslaved people.
What are slave patrols?