Chapter 1
This decade saw the publication of the “White Paper,” which identified the need for organized EMS systems in the United States.
What are the 1960s?
This is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection.
What is proper handwashing?
Before lifting, always do this with your partner to ensure smooth, coordinated movement.
What is communicate your plan?
Before allowing a patient to refuse care, the EMT must ensure this condition is met.
What is that the patient is mentally competent and understands the risks?
The ending of a medical term that usually indicates a procedure, condition, or disease.
What is the suffix?
The process through which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
When oxygen is not available, the body switches to this process, producing less energy and more acid.
What is anaerobic metabolism?
Infants rely primarily on this body part to breathe.
What are the nose and diaphragm (nasal breathers)?
This physician oversees the clinical aspects of an EMS system.
Who is the medical director?
Smoking, poor diet, and chronic stress increase this medical risk that can shorten an EMT’s career.
What is cardiovascular disease?
When performing a power lift, your feet should be about this far apart.
What is shoulder-width apart?
Threatening a patient or causing fear of physical harm is known as this.
What is assault?
Refers to being farther away from the midline of the body.
What is lateral?
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called this.
What is ventilation?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood.
What is respiration?
A key psychosocial issue for adolescents is this.
What is identity formation (and independence)?
These are the four nationally recognized levels of EMS providers, starting from the entry level.
What are EMR, EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic?
Diseases spread through sneezing or coughing use this route of transmission.
What is airborne transmission?
Moving a patient before all injuries are fully assessed is called this type of move.
What is an emergency move?
A PCR should include objective information, meaning this type of observation.
What are facts you can see, hear, or measure (not opinions)?
The combining form cardi/o refers to this organ.
What is the heart?
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What are arteries?
Shock caused by blood vessel dilation, such as from spinal cord injury.
What is neurogenic shock?
The psychosocial challenge of this life stage is adjusting to loss of independence, friends, or loved ones.
What is late adulthood (60+ years)?
The Department that initially took responsibility for developing national EMS standards.
What is the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)?
Tuberculosis primarily affects this organ system.
What is the respiratory system (or lungs)?
A device that splits into two halves to lift a patient with minimal movement.
What is the scoop stretcher?
The willful, malicious statement that damages someone’s reputation when spoken aloud.
What is slander?
The abbreviation “NPO” means this instruction regarding food and fluids.
What is nothing by mouth?
The brain and spinal cord together make up this part of the nervous system.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The primary goal of compensatory mechanisms in early shock.
What is to maintain perfusion to vital organs?
Puberty marks the beginning of these major changes.
What are sexual maturation and rapid physical growth?
One of the first organized EMS programs was started by this city’s Freedom House Ambulance Service.
What is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania?
The first priority on every call.
What is personal safety?
When lifting with multiple rescuers, the EMT at this end usually calls the lift.
What is the head end?
The federal law that guarantees care for all patients, regardless of their ability to pay, is called this.
What is EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act)?
The term bradycardia means this.
What is a slow heart rate?
The type of muscle that moves bones and is under voluntary control.
What is skeletal (or striated) muscle?
The waste product that builds up during anaerobic metabolism and leads to acidosis.
What is lactic acid?
The leading cause of death among adolescents.
What are unintentional injuries (especially motor vehicle collisions)?