Homeostasis & Metabolism
What is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
What is a testable explanation for an observation?
Hypothesis
What position is the body in when standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward?
Anatomical position
What body region refers to the head?
Cephalic
What is the simplest level of organization in the human body?
Chemical level
What is metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body
What variable is intentionally changed in an experiment?
Independent variable
What directional term means above
Superior
What plane divides the body into left and right portions?
Sagittal plane
What level of organization is made of similar cells working together?
Tissue level
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks molecules down.
What type of investigation describes what is happening without changing variables?
Descriptive investigation
The wrist is ______ to the elbow.
Distal
In which abdominal quadrant would you find most of the liver?
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Put these in order from simplest to most complex: organ, tissue, organism, organ system, cell.
Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
During exercise, your body breaks down stored fat to release energy. Is this anabolism or catabolism?
Catabolism
A scientist compares the heart rates of athletes and non-athletes. What type of investigation design is being used?
Comparative investigation
The skin is ______ to the muscles.
Superficial
A patient has pain in the epigastric region. Where is the pain located?
The upper middle region of the abdomen, between the right and left hypochondriac regions.
What is the main difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?
Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability; positive feedback amplifies a change.
A person's body temperature rises above normal. Their body responds by sweating, which helps lower their temperature. Explain how this is an example of homeostasis.
The body detects a change from its normal temperature and responds by sweating to bring the temperature back toward normal.
A scientist wants to determine whether exercise affects heart rate. She measures students' heart rates before and after exercise. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and investigation design.
Independent variable: exercise; Dependent variable: heart rate; Investigation design: experimental.
A doctor says a patient's injury is distal and posterior to the knee. Where would you look for the injury?
Farther from the trunk than the knee and behind the knee.
A patient reports pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ). Based on the abdominal quadrant system, what area of the abdomen should the healthcare provider examine?
The lower-left section of the patient's abdomen.
A person touches a hot stove and quickly pulls their hand away. Is this an example of negative feedback or positive feedback? Explain your answer.
Neither. Pulling your hand away is a reflex response, not a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis.