Immunopathology
Bond to antigens to flag them to be destroyed
What are antigens?
Heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function
What is the pathogenesis of inflammation?
people, water, food
What are reservoirs of infection?
Cells that lack a nucleus and other organelles
What are prokaryotes?
Restores through correcting a deficit
What is a negative feedback system?
Hypersensitivity, Type I reaction
What is anaphylaxis?
What is transudate?
Hand hygiene
What is the easiest way to break the chain of infection?
Rod or rectangular
What is a bacilli?
Increase in size and number of cells
What is hyperplasia?
When the body attacks its own antigens
What is an autoimmune disease?
Causes leukocytes to attach to the endothelium
What are cytokines, (IL's and TNF)?
Increased procalcitonin level
What is highly sensitive to a bacterial infection?
Can preform cellular respiration with/without oxygen. Ex fermentation
What are Facultative aerobes?
AST, ALT, LDH, Troponin
What are tests for cell death?
If mom is Rh- and Dad is Rh+, 72 hours after delivery of first baby.
When is Rhogam given to mom's?
Cause contraction of endothelial cells, thus leaky vessels.
What do histamines and bradykinin to in the inflammation process?
Fever, Chills, Fatigue, Low BP, ↑ HR
What are symptoms of a systemic infection?
Physical (skin), Secretions (nasal passage), pH (vaginal canal), Cells (WBCs)
What are natural defenses?
Increase in cellular demands results in increase in cellular metabolism
What is a steady state?
Transplant from the same species, not identical, but usually family.
What is a homograft?
Leukotrienes
What increases chemotaxis and vascular permeability?
Increased lymphocytes
What is indicative of a viral infection?
Thick peptidoglycan layer
Why do gram + bacteria stain purple?
When chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What is metaphase?