Safety & Hazard Recognition
Safety is a learned ______________ & ______________.
behavior & attitude
What does PFAS stand for?
Personal Fall Arrest System
If you are going to step off a ladder onto a platform or roof, the top of the ladder should what?
Extend at least three feet above the point where the ladder touches the platform, roof, side rails, etc.
List two protective measures to prevent falling objects:
Toeboards, debris nets, tool lanyards (tether), catch platforms or canopies
List three symptoms of heat stroke:
•Extremely high body temperature - body temp rises so high that brain damage and death may result if the body is not cooled quickly
•Vision impairment
•Very small pupils
•Mental confusion
•Headache
•Loss of consciousness
•Convulsions
•Hot/dry/or spotted skin
What is HAZCOM short for and what is it purpose?
Hazard Communication Standard, also called “Right-To-Know”
HAZCOM requires all US contractors to educate their employees about the hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to on the job site employees must also be taught how to work safely around these materials and trained on proper use of required PPE items.
Any opening in a wall or floor is a safety hazard.
There are two types of protection for these openings, what are the two methods?
They can be guarded (railings, barricades)
They can be covered (plywood, lumber, steel cover)
Fire extinguishers labeled AB&C can be used on what? Describe each
A: Ordinary combustibles such as paper wood and fabric
B: flammable liquids grease or gases
C: electrical equipment
Do not stack materials higher than...
4:1 height-to-base ratio
What are blood borne pathogens? provide two examples
Diseases that can be transmitted by contact with an infectious person’s blood or other bodily fluids.
The most common being HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) and hepatitis B & C.
When all the workers at a job site or in an organization see the value of a safe work environment and support it through their actions.
Strong Safety Culture
Cover any hole in the floor when possible, hole covers must be what?
Clearly marked and secured
What type of permit is required for a confined space?
Entry permit
What are the three categories of Struck By hazards?
Falling objects, flying objects, struck by vehicle
Hard hats are now made of 2 types of material. What are they?
Fiberglass or reinforced plastic
OSHA stands for...
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
A complete PFAS consist of and what three things:
Anchor points
Body harness
Connecting devices (lanyards and associated hardware)
Never do what when somebody is on a rolling scaffold?
Move it
What is the purpose of a signaler?
A person who is responsible for directing a vehicle/heavy equipment.
What material may contain lead? And when might this be a hazard while doing construction?
You may encounter lead-based paints. This is a hazard during demolition or renovation of structures built before 1978 when lead based paint was banned.
someone who can identify hazards, has the knowledge (training/experience) to recognize them, and possesses the authority to take immediate corrective action to eliminate risks, ensuring safety for themselves and others, often required for specific dangerous tasks like trenching or fall protection
Describe the six-foot rule:
Fall protection is required for platforms or work surfaces with unprotected sides or edges that are 6 feet or above the ground or the level below
Any scaffold that is assembled on the job site must be tagged to indicate whether the scaffold meets OSHA standards and is safe to use describe the three colors of tags (color & meaning):
A green tag means that the scaffold meets all OSHA standards and is safe to use.
A yellow tag means the scaffold does not meet all OSHA standards. An example is a scaffold on which a railing cannot be installed because of equipment interference to use a yellow tag scaffold you must wear a safety harness attached to a lanyard.
A red tag means a scaffold is being put up or taken down. Never use a rag tag scaffold.
What is a trench defined as?
An excavation that is deeper than it is wide
(usually not wider than 15 feet)
What is the symbol used to identify that a tool is double insulated?
A smaller square inside of a bigger square
The "Focus Four" or "Fatal Four"
Falls
Struck-By hazards
Caught-In & Caught-In-Between
Electrical
What is the purpose of the D ring on a body harness?
The D-ring is positioned between the shoulder blades and it is the only ring used to connect the harness to the anchor point for primary fall arrest purposes unless.
What is a spoil?
A spoil is material such as dirt removed while digging a trench or excavation
To be safe if you are unsure of the ground conditions of a job site you should assume that the soil is which type soil and why?
Type C soil because it is the least stable
What is the rule of thumb regarding noise and when to use hearing protection?
If the noise level is so great that you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone who is less than two feet away, you need to wear hearing protection.
List FOUR causes of incidents & accidents that are listed in your textbook.
There were 10 listed in the book that we covered in class.
Failure to Communicate
At-Risk Work Habits
Alcohol & Drug Abuse
Lack of Skill
Intentional Acts
Unsafe Acts
Rationalizing Risks
Unsafe Conditions
Poor Housekeeping
Management System Failure
If YOU are using PFAS how often should YOU inspect it?
Before EVERY use
List two examples of caught-in/between hazards when dealing with heavy equipment on a jobsite.
Pinch points on a piece of equipment
Crushed between a piece of equipment and structure
Equipment roll-over
Who and how often should an excavation be inspected?
A competent person must inspect excavations daily (and after change in weather) and decide if cave-ins or failures of protective systems could occur and if there are any other hazardous conditions present.
What should you do if asbestos is suspected on a job site?
A supervisor must be notified in all work must stop until the asbestos is either sealed off or removed by licensed professionals
Excessive noise, inadequate supports on guards, poor lighting, cluttered work area, and congested workplace are all examples of what?
This is one of the 10 causes of incidents and accidents.
Unsafe conditions
How often should a PFAS be inspected by a competent person?
Monthly
List an activity that is likely to produce flying objects.
Using a chipping hammer, grinding, demolition, etc.
If there is plenty of room on a job site and there are minimal limitations regarding available ground area, what are the 2 types of systems to choose from while performing excavation work?
Sloped & Benched Systems
What are the four types of respirators?
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Supplied air mask
Full face mask with chemical canisters
Half mask with mechanical filters
When the task at hand is broken down into its individual parts or steps and then each step is analyzed for its potential hazards
JSA: Job Safety Analysis
JHA: Job Hazard Analysis
List the two types of lanyards and their purpose:
Shock Absorbing / Self-retracting lanyards are be used for fall arrest.
Non shock absorbing lanyards are used for positioning and fall restraint.
What is the most common system used to protect you from incidental electrical shock?
three wire system
Benching systems cannot be used with what type soil?
Type C
What type respirator would you use if theres a chance you can inhale dust?
half mask with mechanical filter
Evaluating risk is the measure of what three things?
The probability, consequences, & exposure related to an event.
Describe how to properly ascend & descend a ladder…
When using a ladder be sure to maintain three points of contact with the ladder. Three points of contact means that either two feet in one hand or one hand in two feet are always touching the ladder
Describe the three wire system and tell us what the third wire is
There is a neutral wire, hot wire, ground wire.
The third wire is the ground wire and is connected to a ground system. If the insulation in a tool fails the current will pass to the ground through the third wire instead of through your body.
What is the purpose of machine / tool guards?
prevent someone from being caught in the tool/equipment, being hit by flying debris, … safety!
Who can remove a lock of a LOTO system?
Only the authorized person who applied the lock must be the one who removes it
Companies with a strong safety culture usually have the following characteristics:
Must provide THREE, as listed in the textbook.
Fewer at-risk behaviors
Lower incident & accident rates
Less turnover
Lower absenteeism
Higher productivity
What is a toe board?
A horizontal barrier at the floor level of exposed edges of walking surfaces. These prevent materials and people from falling.
How are double insulated tools different from tools using the three-wire system?
Double insulated tools use a two-wire power cord with no ground pin.
One prong of the plug is larger than the other so it can only be connected to a polarized receptacle
When sloping or benching systems cannot be used (i.e. a congested job site in a downtown city), support structures must be used. What are these two types of structures? Describe each.
Shoring: a support system designed to prevent a transfer excavation cave in. Shoring structures are typically made of metal or wood and consists of plating held firmly in place with expandable braces.
Shielding: shielding structures are placed inside trenches or excavations and are strong enough to protect workers in the event that a cave-in does happen, so long as the workers are within the confines of the box (i.e. Trench Box)
What do lockout tagout procedures protect workers from?
Lockout tagout procedures safeguard workers against unexpected releases from various energy sources