Water
All the water on Earth makes up the _______sphere
hydrosphere
The breaking down of rock at or near Earth's surface is called __________
Weathering
Small, solid fragments of rock-like gravel, including sand, silt, mud or clay, are
Sediments
What are the three categories of rocks (based on how they are formed)
***Must have all three***
Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic
Name the three compositional layers of the earth in order from shallow to deepest
Crust, Mantle, Core
About __________ % of Earth's surface is covered in water.
71%
When weathered rock is picked up and moved it is called _______
Erosion
What type of rock forms when molten rock cools and hardens?
Igneous Rock
What do scientists observe to determine the makeup of Earth's interior?
Seismic waves
The first and outermost mechanical layer of the earth, composed of the crust and upper mantle
Lithosphere
Where is most of Earth's freshwater supply stored?
In icebergs and glaciers (frozen)
What type of weathering is abrasion?
Mechanical weathering
What is the molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface called?
Magma
A metamorphic rock is exposed to high temperature and melts, then moves to the surface of the earth and cools. What type of rock is formed?
Igneous
What mechanical layer is plastic rock typically found in?
Asthenosphere
What is the largest source of liquid fresh water?
Groundwater
Name one geographical structure that is formed by sediment deposition
Alluvial fans or deltas
What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
Rocks are made up of minerals.
Minerals are solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances that have a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
Sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure. What type of rock is formed as a result?
Metamorphic
What two compositional layers does the Moho discontinuity mark the separation between?
Cust and mantle
This process depletes soil moisture and is the primary way that water leaves the soil.
Transpiration
When a chemical reaction occurs between a compound (such as a mineral) and water, the reaction is called
Hydrolysis
Name and explain at least three properties of minerals
Crystalline structure, Color, Streak, Luster, Hardness, Fracture & Cleavage
What are most of the rocks that make up the crust composed of?
Silicates (chemical compound containing silicon and oxygen)
What two layers does the Gutenberg discontinuity mark the separation between?
Mantle and Core