The Structure of an Atom
Name one of the smaller particles an atom is made of
What is the atomic number of the element "Helium" (He)?
2
Before we knew about pions, scientists assumed that protons and neutrons were held together by what type of force?
Nuclear force
What type of radioactive decay makes the radioactive isotope emit a gamma ray?
Gamma decay
True or false: If you cut open a tree, you can determine its age by the rings in the wood.
True
What is the center of an atom called?
Nucleus
True or false: In an atom, there is one more proton then their is electrons.
False, the number of protons and neutrons in an atom are the same
Protons and neutrons contain smaller particles called what?
Quarks
Which Radioactive decay emits an "alpha particle"
Alpha decay
What is the half-life of Carbon-14?
5,700 years
What is an "Atomic number"?
The number of protons in an atom
The Bohr model is a good approximation of what an atom looks like, but is not completely accurate. What is the name of the model that chemists think is most accurate?
The quantum-mechanical model
Pions are part of a class that physicists call what?
Short-lived particles
What type of radioactive decay converts a neutron to a proton?
Beta decay
Describe a "Half-life"
The time it takes for half of the original sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
In 1913, Niels Bohr created a model of what chemical unit of matter?
The atom
True or false: AMU is not the mass of an atom, it is an average mass for said element.
True
What physicist won the Nobel Prize for revolutionizing what was known about the Nucleus?
Hideki Yukawa
When a radioactive isotope goes through beta decay, it changes the element from what it was initially. What is the new element called?
The daughter product
Why is radioactive dating inaccurate?
What would be the amount of protons, electrons, and neutrons in Fluorine-19? (Fluorine is atomic number 9)
Nine protons, Nine electrons, Ten neutrons
The element "Xenon" (Xe) has the atomic number 54. If a certain Xenon atom has 70 neutrons, what would it be called?
Xenon-124
If scientists discovered another particle that is exchanged like pions, but has a longer lifetime that a pion, would it have a longer or shorter range that pions?
Longer
Uranium-239 is an example what type of isotope?
Radioactive isotope
A radioactive isotope with a half-life of 30 minutes is used in scientific research. If a scientist has 3,000 grams of the isotope, how many grams will be left in 2 hours?
750 grams