Definitions
What part of the respiratory system contains the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs?
Lower Respiratory Tract
Where is the voice box located?
Larynx
What breath is the hardest one to take?
What part of the brain controls the respiration?
Medulla oblongata and pons
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
What do we call the process of getting air into the lungs and back out?
Ventilation
Put the following parts of the respiratory system in order from superior to inferior:
larynx trachea pharynx
pharynx
larynx
trachea
Why does pneumonia inhibit respiration?
Infection causes mucus in the lungs and makes it harder to breathe
How does oxygen know to enter the cells and how does carbon dioxide know how to leave the cells?
Diffusion - they want to be equal on both sides.
What is made during the Oxidation of pyruvate?
2 carbon dioxides
What do we call the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide being exchanged between alveoli and blood?
External respiration
What type of breathing uses no muscles?
Exhaling a normal breath
When air is inhaled does the diaphragm contract or relax?
Contracts
An adult's lungs can hold approximately 6 liters of air when forcefully inhaled. What is the minimum amount that remains in the lungs when forcefully exhaled?
1 liter
Where does the Citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle take place?
Matrix of mitochondrion
What do we call the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide being exchanged between cells and blood?
Internal respiration
What are the two functions of the vocal folds?
To make sound and to close off the larynx when swallowing.
Name two of the six factors that increase efficiency of external respiration.
1.) thin respiratory membrane
2.) large alveoli surface area
3.) narrow capillaries
4.) large RBC's surface area
5.) controlled relationship between ventilation and blood flow in lungs
6.) large residual capacity of lungs
What does the Hering-Breuer reflex do?
Prevents over inflation of the lungs.
How many ATP's are made during the entire cellular respiration system?
36 ATP
The ease at which the lungs inflate is called what?
Compliance
What are the four functions of the respiratory system?
1.) Olfacation 2.) Voice
3.) Ventilation 4.) Respiration
Name a ventilation aid.
1.) elasticity of the lungs
2.) surface tension of alveolar fluid
Name two things that help control respiration besides the CNS.
1.) Parietal pressure
2.) pH in the blood plasma
3.) carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors
What are the four stages of cellular respiration?
1.) Glycolysis 2.) Oxidation of pyruvate
3.) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's cycle)
4.) Electron Transport Chain