Terms
The first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. Focus was ostracizing them from society rather than treatment.
Asylums
This person was instrumental in creating the first American mental hospital by relentlessly lobbying state legislatures and Congress to set up and fund such institutions.
Dorothea Dix
Talk therapy based on belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy -
Uses the ABC model to reveal cognitive distortions (e.g., overgeneralizing, black and white thinking, jumping to conclusions). A = Action – activating event. B=Belief about the event. C= Consequences of the belief.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
Freud theorized that the ego would try to block unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during a talk therapy session, causing the patient to demonstrate resistance. Freud used this technique to help his patients relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.
Free association
First introduced in 1954 and proved to be successful in treating symptoms of psychosis. This treatment regime caused reduction in symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
Antipsychotic medications
Uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior. Primarily used to eliminate addictive behaviors. Client is repeatedly exposed to something unpleasant, such as a mild electric shock or bad taste while they engage in a specific behavior → client learns to associate the unpleasant stimulus and unwanted behavior.
Aversive conditioning
A surgical procedure in which most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex are severed.
Lobotomy
Children are encouraged to work through problems by playing freely while therapist observes.
Nondirective play therapy
First introduced by Sigmund Freud in the 1880s as a means of helping people manage adverse psychiatric symptoms.
Psychotherapy or Talk Therapy
Toys, such as dolls, stuffed animals, and sandbox figurines are used to help children play out their Therapist observes how child interacts with toys in order to understand the roots of the child’s disturbed behavior.
Play Therapy
Involves sending electric currents through the brain to induce a brief seizure and interrupt neural impulses. Primarily used for severe depression.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
The process in which the Therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses was termed by Carl Rogers as
Active listening
Type of exposure therapy wherein a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli. The concept is that fear and relaxation are incompatible – if client can relax around fear-inducing stimuli, the unwanted fear response will eventually be eliminated.
Systematic desensitization
Based on the idea that how you think determines how you feel and act - cognitive therapy focuses on how thoughts lead to feelings of distress. Emotional reactions are the result of your thoughts about the situation rather than the situation itself. Therapist encourages clients to find more logical ways of interpreting situations and positive ways of thinking.
Cognitive Therapy
Involves sending repeated pulses through a magnetic coil held close to the patient’s skull, targeting the cingulate gyrus and the thalamus.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Therapy that is not the individuals choice such as weekly counseling sessions being ordered as a condition of parole.
Involuntary treatment
Overgeneralizing – taking a small situation and making it huge., Polarized (“black & white”) thinking – Seeing things in absolutes, ”I am either perfect, or a failure” and Jumping to conclusions – assuming that people are thinking negatively about you or reacting negatively to you, without evidence are examples of what a Cognitive Therapist would term
Cognitive Distortions
Developed by Carl Rogers. Emphasized the importance of the person taking control of his own life to overcome life’s challenges. This is a Non-directive therapy, meaning, the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps client identify conflicts and understand feelings.
Rogerian/Client-centered Therapy
This is a structured therapy that encourages the patient to briefly focus on trauma memories while simultaneously experiencing bilateral stimulation (typically eye movements), which is associated with a reduction in the vividness and emotion associated with the trauma memories.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy