Vocabulary
A mixture of an acid and a base that resists changes in pH.
When solutes travel from the nephron to the blood. This is called ____________.
What is reabsorption.
What is the normal range of blood pH?
What is 7.35-7.45.
What structures change their permeability to water?
How many stems are there for controlling blood pH?
What is 3.
Behind the parietal peritoneum.
What is retroperitoneal.
Solutes traveling from the blood to the nephron. This is called ___________.
What is secretion.
If the pH is below normal, what is it called?
What is acidosis.
What causes the change above to the permeability of to water?
What is the amount of ADH present.
The body can control blood pH by changing the depth and rate of _____________.
What is ventilation.
The production of red blood cells.
What is erythropoiesis.
The rate at which filtrate is produced in glomerular filtration (125 mL/minute).
What is glomerular filtration rate.
If the pH is above normal, this is called ___________.
What is alkalosis.
An increase in GCP (glomerular capillary pressure) will do what to GFR (glomerular filtration rate)?
What is increase GFR.
The body controls blood pH by secreting ___________ in the nephron.
What is H+. This is the most effective but slowest process.
The rate at which blood flows through the kidneys.
What is renal blood flow rate.
Cells in the kidney that sense and respond to low blood pressure and low sodium ion concentration in the blood. They secrete renin, which stimulates a sequence of events that increase sodium ion concentration in the blood and increase blood pressure.
What is juxtaglomerular cells.
Which substance reacts if an acid is introduced into the blood in a bicarbonate buffer system?
What is bicarbonate or HCO3-
What are the 4 steps to urine formation?
What is filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and water reabsorption. Water reabsorption is often grouped together with reabsorption.
The body has ______________ _________________, which resist the change in pH. They are very fast but less effective than the other two.
What is buffer systems.
The maximum rate of reabsorption by active transport through the nephron tubules.
What is tubular maximum.
Blood plasma without proteins, found in the nephrons of the kidneys.
What is filtrate.
This contains stratified transitional epithelium, so that it can stretch.
What is the urinary bladder.
Order the structures listed below in terms of whey they are encountered by filtrate as it travels out of the body, starting with the proximal tubule: loop of Henle, renal pelvis, distal tubule, proximal tubule, major calyx, collecting duct, and minor calyx.
What is: Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, and renal pelvis.
Two substances are in the filtrate in equal concentration at the proximal tubule, and both exceed their T-max concentration. If the reabsorption T-max is higher for substance A than substance B, compare the concentrations of A and B in the blood as it leaves the kidney.
What is the concentration o A is greater in the blood than the concentration of B since substance A has a higher T-max, more of it will be reabsorbed into the blood.