Oxidation Numbers
What is the oxidation number for Thallium (group 13)?
3+
What are the 8 prefixes used to name covalent bonds?
1-Mono , 2-Di , 3-Tri , 4-Tetra , 5-Penta , 6-Hexa, 7-Hepta , 8-Octa
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
The ionic bond is the force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound. The covalent bond is the force of attraction between atoms that share electrons.
What do you call a compound which has had water removed from it?
Anhydrous.
What do these symbols represent?
δ+ ; δ-
partial positive charge ; partial negative charge
How do you find the oxidation number of a transition element?
It is written as a roman numeral
What is the difference between sulfate and sulfur?
Sulfate is a polyatomic compound (SO42-) while sulfur is the element by itself.
What is a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than protons called?
An Ion
What is a hydrate?
A compound that has water chemically attached to its atoms.
What's the difference between a polar/nonpolar bond?
In a polar bond, electrons are shared unequally. In a nonpolar bond 2 similar or identical atoms have atoms that are shared equally.
What charge would helium have?
0, it is already stable.
What is the name for Mg(OH)2?
Magnesium hydroxide
When an atom loses an electron it becomes a positively charged ____.
Cation.
Which prefix do you use to indicate that there are water molecules in a compound?
-Hydrate.
EX: Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
A molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end is called a(n) _________.
Polar molecule.
What is an oxidation number?
The oxidation number tells how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable.
True or False: An ionic bond use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms an element has.
False, only covalent bonds use prefixes.
When an atom gains an electron it becomes a negatively charged ____.
Anion.
Add a dot followed by the number of water molecules attached to the compound.
Why are Group 14 elements much more likely to share electrons than transfer electrons?
It is much easier to share 4 valence electrons because it takes a lot of energy to give away electrons.
What is the number of atoms (and the oxidation number) for Lithium in the formula Lithium Nitride?
3 atoms, each with a charge of 1+
Li3N
What is a polyatomic ion?
A positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded, group of atoms.
How many electrons of 2 atoms of Oxygen are covalently bonded?
4, double bond
Which of these is an anhydrous compound?
H2O
CaSO4
CuSO4·H2O
CaSO4·2H2O
CaSO4
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds have a neutral or zero charge.