What is
What is a lipid bilayer?
It is a cell membrane composed of phospholipids with a hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails in the interior of the membrane.
What is a prebiotic and give an example?
A prebiotic is a non digestible component of food that stimulates the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. An example would be insulin.
Where does digestion begin?
The mouth.
It is called mastication and involves mechanical and chemical processes.
What type of transportation requires energy?
Active transport.
What is osmosis?
The process of water molecules moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
What is an enterocyte?
A small intestine absorption cell and is lined with microvilli.
Where is the primary site of digestion?
The small intestine that has three sections: Duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum.
For delta nomenclature what 3 things do you need to know?
1. Number of carbons in the fatty acid
2. Number of double bonds
3. Number of carbons from the carboxylic acid (alpha) end to the first carbon in the double bond(s)
What is hyperglycemia?
When someone has higher than normal blood sugar levels.
What is glucagon and where is it secreted from?
Glucagon is secreted from the alpha-cells in the pancreas and release when blood glucose levels are low.
Where is the hormone gastrin secreted from?
It is secreted from the bottom of the gastric pit where the G cells are.
How many glucose transporters are there?
12 named GLUT1-12
What is type 2 diabetes?
The body has high blood sugar levels and has become resistant to insulin. This accounts for 90 to 95% of patients.
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
Which cells secrete insulin and where are they located?
The pancreatic beta-cells sense high glucose levels and will secrete insulin.
How many different protein structures are there and what are they called?
4
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Citation: Gatto, G. J., & Stryer, L. (2019). 4. In Biochemistry: A short course. essay, W.H. Freeman and Company.