Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
How are protons charged, and where are they located in an atom?
Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus.
Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of something. Does water have a high or low heat capacity?
High!
A bond that forms when electrons are transferred
Ionic bond
A solution with a pH between 0 and just under 7 is an_______________________?
Acid
Butter is a fat that is solid at room temperature. What type of fat is it?
Saturated
For 200 bonus points, name an example of an unsaturated fat.
How are electrons charged and where are they found in an atom?
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus.
For 200 bonus points, what do we call anything that has mass and takes upspace (has volume)?
The substance being dissolved. For example, sugar.
Solute
For 200 bonus points, what is the substance in which other substances are dissolved.
A bond that forms when electrons areshared
Covalent bond
A solution with a pH between just over 7 and 14 is a _________________________?
Base
Name the 4 types of organic molecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides
How are neutrons charged and where are they found in an atom?
Neutrons are neutral (no charge) subatomic particles found in the nucleus.
What type of bond is responsible for water's unique properties?
Hydrogen
An attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together.
Cohesion
For 200 extra points, name an example of cohesion.
Monosaccharides combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides by removing water, a process called ____________________.
Dehydration Reaction
For an extra 200 points, The reverse process, adding water to break complex molecules back down into their monosaccharide components, is called ____________?
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
For 200 bonus points, name the building blocks of lipids.
Oxygen has 8 protons. How many electrons does it have?
8! Protons and electron counts are always the same!
A mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent. For example, lemonade.
Solution
For 200 bonus points, why don't oil and water mix?
An attractive force that holds molecules of different substances together.
Adhesion
For 200 extra points, name an example of adhesion.
What is the process where proteins lose their functional shape due to external stressors like heat; for example, cooking an egg changes its structure from liquid to solid.
Denaturation
What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
For 200 bonus points, name the building blocks of proteins.
Atoms with the same # of protons, but different #'s of neutrons are called what?
Isotopes!
For 200 bonus points, What do we call the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom (makes up the nucleus)
Molecule in which one end is partially + and one end is partially -
Polar compound
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
Isomers
What is the energy needed to get reactions started?
Activation Energy
For 200 bonus points, what do we call the catalysts that lower the activation energy required for reactions to take place, and are never used up in the process?
The type, number, and order of amino acids determine the properties of what type of organic molecule?
Proteins