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100
List any two limitations of planning
Two limitations of planning are:
Rigidity : A plan puts a rigid framework within which activities need to done. This can managerial activities inflexible.
Expensive and Time-Consuming: Planning requires a lot of time to collect, analyse and interpret information. So it is a time consuming process.
Q. Name any two types of plans.
Ans: Two types of plans are:
Objectives :
Objectives are the end results towards which all the activities are directed.
Example: It can be the objective of an organization to impart training in newspaper printing to 1000 persons in a year. As far as possible objectives should be measurable in quantitative terms and should be realistic (achievable).
Strategy :
Plans that are formulated to exist in the changing business environment and to face competition in are called strategies.
Strategy is a comprehensive (detailed) plan which indicates the desired future of an organisation
Example: Tata adopted the strategy of attracting even middle income groups to purchase cheaper cars (Nano).
100
State any two advantages of coordination.
Two advantages of coordination are:
It helps to make all the different people and departments in an organisation work towards the common organisational objectives.
In large organisations that have activities located in different places, coordination helps in the smooth functioning.
100
What is meant by manpower planning?
The process of estimating the manpower requirement of an organization is called manpower planning.
An example of manpower planning is a retail company forecasting the need to hire 20 additional sales associates during the holiday season to manage increased customer demand.
100
What is meant by ‘Induction’?
Ans: Induction is the process of introducing new employees to the organisation. The new employees should know under whom and with whom he/she is to work, get acquainted and adjusted to the work environment, get a general idea about the rules and regulations, working conditions etc.
200
State any four characteristics of control.
4 characteristics of control are:
Planning is the basis of control - Planning precedes controlling and sets the standards and targets of performance.
Control is a continuous process - Control is an ongoing process and involves a continuous review of performance.
Control is all pervasive - Control happens at all levels of management and is done in every functional area and at each department.
Action is the essence of control - Control is an action-oriented process. If corrective action is not taken then there is no scope for improvement.
200
List any four sources of external recruitment.
Educational Institutions/Campus recruitments
Media Advertisements
Referrals
Private employment agencies
200
Name the term used for equipping the workers with the required skill to perform the job.
Ans: Training is the term used for equipping the workers with the required skill to perform the job.
200
Q. What is meant by planning premises?
The management needs to make assumptions about the future environment of business. This is also known as planning premises.
This helps the business to know the opportunities in the market.
These premises are based on external or internal environments.
300
List the steps in the process of control.
The process of control involves the following steps.
Establishment of standards - The first step is to establish standards of performance against which actual results can be evaluated.
Measurement of performance - The second step is to measure actual performance of the entire workforce in the organisation.
Comparing performance with standards - The third step involves comparison of actual performance against the standards.
Detecting the reasons for deviations - The next step is to identify the causes of deviations between the actual performance against the standards.
Taking corrective action - The final step in the controlling process is to take corrective action to prevent the recurrence of the same deviations.
300
What is meant by financial incentive? Give any two examples of financial incentives.
Ans: Monetary / Financial incentives are directly related to money.
Two examples of financial incentives are:
Pay and Allowances : Salary is the basic monetary incentive of every employee. Salary includes basic pay, dearness allowance etc.
Bonus : Bonus means the payment in addition to their regular remuneration. Bonuses are provided in the form of cash, free trips to resorts or foreign countries etc.
300
Q. Explain briefly why coordination is called the essence of management?
Ans:
In every organisation, different types of work are performed by various groups and no single group can be expected to achieve the goals of the organisation as a whole.
Hence, it becomes essential that the activities of different work groups and departments should be harmonised.
Thus, coordination is called the essence of management.
300
Planning and control are inseparable. Discuss in brief.
Ans. Planning and controlling are inseparable because:
Planning fixes the goals/standards to be achieved.
Controlling checks the actual performance with the standards fixed.
Therefore, planning fixes the criteria for controlling. Thus, without planning control is blind.
Planning sets the course of actions. Control compares the actual course and the planned course. Control identifies deviations from the course and initiates corrective actions. Planning is fruitful when control is exercised.
400
What are semantic barriers of communication?
A.Semantic Barriers-These barriers take place when the sender and the receiver of the message interpret the words, sentences, symbols etc. differently.
1.Badly Expressed Message- Usage of wrong words or omission of needed words.
Example- Holiday. Dont come
This message doesnt say when is the holiday?
Or where should I not show up?
2.Faulty translation: A manager receives information from his superior and transfers it to its subordinates. If the receiver of information makes a faulty translation, it can be a barrier in the communication.
3.Symbols with different meanings : A word may have different meanings.
For example minute (time & small).
4.Unclarified Assumptions: Sometimes the sender assumes that the receiver knows the basic things. So the sender may communicate with him only about the major subject matter. This can be a barrier in effective communication.
400
State the different elements of delegation
Ans. There are three elements of delegation as follows:
Assignment of Responsibility :
This is also known as entrustment (assigning) of duties.
Duties can be divided into two parts:
the individual can perform himself and
that he can assign to his subordinates to perform.
2. Granting Authority :
Authority refers to the official powers and position required to carry on any task. When duties are assigned to subordinates then the required authority must also be conferred to him.
3. Creating Accountability :
This refers to the obligation on the part of the subordinates, to whom responsibility and authority are granted to see to it that the work is done.
400
Explain in brief any three types of financial incentives.
Ans: 3 types of financial incentives are:
Pay and Allowances : Salary is the basic monetary incentive of every employee. Salary includes basic pay, dearness allowance etc.
Bonus : Bonus means the payment in addition to their regular remuneration. Bonuses are provided in the form of cash, free trips to resorts or foreign countries etc.
Commission : In the sales department, salespeople get commissions on the basis of their sales.
Retirement Benefit : Every employee is concerned about his future after retirement. Some retirement benefits are Provident fund, Pension, Gratuity etc.
400
Discuss in detail Maslow’s need for hierarchy theory of motivation.
Ans. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs : These needs include the need for food, shelter and clothing.
Safety and Security Needs : Once physiological needs are fulfilled then the
people start thinking about their safety. Safety needs include need for physical
safety and economic safety. Physical safety means safety from accidents, disease etc. Economic safety refers to safety of livelihood.
Social Needs : Man is a social animal. He wants to live in society honourably. Therefore, he wants friends and relatives with whom he can share his joys and sorrows. Social needs include need for love, affection, friendship etc.
Esteem Needs : These are the need for respect and recognition. Esteem needs are also known as Ego needs.
Self Actualisation Needs: Self actualisation needs are concerned with becoming what a person is capable of becoming. These needs include need for growth, self fulfillment etc.
500
Briefly describe the various steps involved in the selection process
500
Describe the essential elements of the managerial function of directing.
Ans. The 4 elements of Directing are:
Communication
In communication:
There are two parties, one is known as the sender and the other is known as the receiver.
There is a message sent by the sender to the receiver; and
The receiver receives the message and understands it.
Supervision:
After the employees have been instructed regarding what they have to do and how to do, it is the duty of the manager to see that they perform the work as per instructions. This is known as supervision.
Motivation:
Motivation is one of the important elements of directing.
Motivation is a force that inspires a person at work to intensify his willingness to use the best of his capability for achievement of specified objectives.
It may be in the form of incentives like financial (such as bonus, commission etc.) or, non-financial (such as appreciation, growth etc.), or it could be positive or negative.
Leadership is the process, which influences the people and inspires them to willingly accomplish the organizational objectives.