MISC
True or False: Erik Erikson was an artist before he became a psychoanalyst.
True
True or False: Girls and boys develop at the same rate.
False
What are the stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational
True or False: Kohlberg's Morality of Justice Theory has three levels and two stages in each level
True
True or False: Maslow believed that we can reach self-actualization even if our basic needs are not met.
False
What did Lev Vygotsky die from?
Tuberculosis
What is one reason physical development is important in academics?
Pencil grip
How long students can sit still
Health needs related to maturity
Supporting gross/fine motor skill development aids cognitive development too!
A student is able to think about hypothetical situations. What stage of Piaget's theory is this?
Formal Operational
A student is being bullied by a another student at school. The student decides to report the bully to a teacher to protect herself even though it might get the other student in trouble. What position of Gilligan's theory is this student in?
Position 1: Survival Orientation: Caring for Oneself
What theory believes that we search for identity through a series of crises that must be resolved?
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
If development occurs in a sequence of specific stages or leaps, what type of shape of development is it?
Discontinous
A student is in the process of language development and is able to understand what others say to her. However, she has a hard time talking about her needs and knowledge. Which area of vocabulary does she struggle with?
Expressive Vocabulary
A student is able to understand that elements can be changed and still conserve many of their original characteristics and that these changes can be reversed. What stage of Piaget's theory is this student in?
Concrete Operational
What stage of Kohlberg's morality theory is a person in if they view an action as good if it is consistent with self-chosen, general principles.
Stage 6
Susie's parents will often be very affectionate and caring, but also have a clear set of rules. Adam's parents are very strict and do not show affection or praise to him. Name the type of parenting style for each student.
Susie=authoritative
Adam=authoritarian
The brain's lifelong ability to reorganize, grow, and form new neural connections in response to experience, learning, and injury is known as what?
Neuroplasticity
Explain sensitive periods
Times when we are especially responsive to learning certain things
Describe Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's Zone Of Proximal Development describes the area between what a student can do independently and what can't be done without the help from an expert.
Name at least one criticism of Kohlberg's theory.
Moral Reasoning does not equal Moral Behavior
Moral choices involve more than reasoning
Stages do not seem sequenced, separate, or consistent
Biases (Culture and gender)
Name the five circles of influence for social development according to Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model and describe one of them.
Microsystem: A person’s immediate relationships and activities that affect the individual directly
Mesosystem: Set of interactions and relationships among the elements of the microsystem that affect the individual indirectly
Exosystem: All of the social settings that affect the person (indirectly), even though they are not a direct member of the system
Macrosystem: The larger cultural and social context- its values, laws, conventions, traditions, etc.
Chronosystems: Environmental and sociohistorical events and transitions that occur throughout a person’s life
Explain the Nature and Nurture debate?
Does our source of development come more from nature (Genetics and hereditary factors determine behavior and personality traits) or nurture (Environment, upbringing, and life experiences determine our behavior)
What does the social-cognitive (interactionist) theory suggest about language development?
Language develops from the interaction of biological, cognitive and environmental influences
How are Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories different?
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory focuses on the influence of culture on development, while Piaget’s theory states that development is universal across cultures.
Name and briefly describe the three positions of Gilligan's Morality theory.
Survival Orientation: Caring for Oneself
- Person is concerned primarily with his/her own self
Conventional caring: Caring for others
- Person is concerned about others’ happiness and welfare and willing to forego one's own wellbeing
Integrated caring: Caring for others as well as oneself
- Coordination of personal needs and values with those of others
How many stages are there in Erikson's psychosocial development theory? Name and describe three of them.
Trust vs. Mistrust: The infant's fundamental crisis of establishing a sense of safety and basic reliability in the world based on the consistency of care.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: The struggle of the child to develop personal control and independence, often by mastering self-care tasks.
Initiative vs. Guilt: The challenge of asserting control over the environment and undertaking new activities with a sense of purpose.
Industry vs. Inferiority: The task of learning new academic and social skills, striving for competence and a sense of accomplishment.
Identity vs. Role Confusion: The adolescent's central quest to develop a consistent sense of self, exploring beliefs, goals, and personal roles.
Intimacy vs. Isolation: The young adult's conflict of forming deep, committed relationships with others versus experiencing loneliness and emotional separation.
Generativity vs. Stagnation: The adult's need to contribute to society, mentor younger generations, or create things that will outlast them, to avoid feeling unproductive.
Integrity vs. Despair: The reflection on one's life in older age, leading to a feeling of satisfaction and wholeness (integrity) or regret and bitterness (despair).