Normative norms
What are ought claims that don't depend on an agent's goals or interests.
Normative claims
The right to do what you want
What is the belief that moral facts don't exist, so normative claims aren't actually objective.
Moral Antirealism
List all the types of realism
Naturalism, non-naturalism, and divine command
Give an example of a role-based norm
What do normative claims demand from people?
Do the right thing (influencing other people's behavior)
In autonomy, who has the right to do what they want?
Humans (agents), companies, corporations
What is the sub-belief of antirealism that moral claims are objective (and do describe facts) but there are no normative facts that exist in the universe.
Error theory
What is the belief that moral facts do exist, so normative claims are objective?
Moral realism.
Spell out the ethical dilemma governments have when they require people to wear face masks.
Autonomy and harm
Give an example of an aesthetic norm
Ex. Don't come to a formal event in ripped jeans.
How does Ethics qualify white lies with relation to autonomy?
Manipulating someone and withholding their right to information
List all the types of antirealism
Relativism, noncognitivism, error theory
What is the sub-belief that facts about what's right or wrong are not part of the natural order (can't be observed like empirical facts of science)?
Non-naturalism.
What classification/sub-field is ethics under in philosophy?
Applied
What is the relation of the normative domain with respect to the domain of morality/ethics?
Anything that is ethical is normative but not everything that is normative is not necessarily ethical.
Are ethical norms always applied to real life (such as laws) ?
They are, but not always, ex. laws in China don't recognize a right to free speech.
What are the consequences of being an antirealist in general?
They'd have to deny the existence of any empirical facts existing.
What is the sub-belief that facts about what is right or wrong are determined by God or supernatural agents?
Divine command.
True or false: Agents are just individual human beings.
False: They can also be organizations--companies, nations, teams, NGOs, etc.
List all the normative norms
Aesthetic, epistemic, etiquette, religious, role-based
List all of the ethical norms in the venn diagram shown in class
Harm, fairness, authority, loyalty, promises/contracts, autonomy, environmentalism (religious, role-based overlap)
How can one find moral objectivity under cultural relativism?
Under cultural relativism (for a relativist) it may not be believing in all moral facts, but a relativist can objectively believe facts about what people think is right or wrong--in other words, loosely believing in moral facts.
Which sub-category of moral realism involves believing there are facts about right or wrong--there are empirical facts of science?
Naturalism
What is an ethical dilemma? What is an ethical problem?
Ethical dilemma: having to choose between two wrongs
Example (as in lecture): Choosing between environmentalism and loyalty
Ethical problem: having to choose between and ethical wrong and a pragmatic wrong
Example: Choosing between getting to work early vs. polluting the earth