Labeling/Identifying (ES)
What are the five functions of the respiratory system?
1. Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary Ventilation
2. External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream
3. Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues
4. Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound
5. Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation
Describe the muscles of inspiration and expiration
The intercostals, parasternals, scalene, and neck muscles all function primarily on the upper half of the rib cage and are involved in both inhalation and exhalation. The abdominal muscles are used for breathing and they contract against the rib cage and abdomen.
The patient is timed while sustaining production of "s" and "z" for as long as possible
S to Z Ratio
The volume of air inspired or expired during the breathing cycle
Tidal volume (TV)
The respiratory system is made up of what?
Pulmonary apparatus and the chest wall.
Define lung volumes and capacities
The amount of air for inhalation or expiration is measured by lung volume. While lung capacity assesses the amount of air that can be breathed after a maximal exhale.
Painless, noninvasive method of measuring the saturation of oxygen in a person's blood.
This capacity includes the expiratory reserve volume and the residual volume
The functional residual capacity (FRC)
What are the clinical measurements of respiration relevant to clinical practice in speech-language pathology?
Describe common respiratory conditions that compromise speech production.
Asthma: During speech, there was also abnormal tension in the larynx and vocal fold muscles. According to this finding, asthmatic patients' aberrant voice quality is a result of muscular tension patterns.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Due to their compromised respiratory systems and diminished lung volumes and capabilities, people with COPD are unable to maintain the phonation necessary for speaking.
A blood test that requires a sample from an artery in your body to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
This lung capacity cannot be measured directly because it includes the residual volume.
The total lung capacity (TLC)
Label the vertebral column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
Explain the physiology of respiration.
The physiological process of respiration, which enables gas exchange, depends on the efficient operation and coordination of the central nervous system, sensory input systems, the lungs, and the muscles that support breathing.
Measures the time an individual can sustain a sung tone after having filled the lungs maximally
Maximum Phonation Time test
It includes the inspiratory reserve volume, the tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume.
Vital capacity (VC)
What are the instrumental measurements of respiration relevant to clinical practice in speech-language pathology?
Define one respiratory cycle
The act of breathing in and breathing out is known as the respiratory cycle. The primary goals of the respiratory cycle are to supply the body with new oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The diaphragm, a muscle, is responsible for breathing.
Used to measure the amount of air an individual inhales or exhales and the rate at which the air is moved into or out of the lungs
Spirometry
Maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the
tidal end-inspiratory level (the peak of the tidal volume cycle)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)