Sedative-Hypnotics
_______ reduce anxiety and promote relaxation without causing sleep. _______ induce sleep by depressing the CNS more profoundly.
What are sedatives (anxiolytics); What are hypnotics?
Antidepressant least likely to cause serotonin syndrome.
What is bupropion?
Opioid that does not cause miosis.
What is meperidine?
Calcium channel blockers that treat spasticity in neuropathic pain, epilepsy, fibromyalgia.
What is gabapentin/pregabalin?
First-line treatment for mild to moderate migraines.
What are NSAIDs and acetaminophen?
Non-Benzodiazepine hypnotic that induces sleep with minimal anxiolytic or muscle-relaxant properties.
What is zolpidem?
Antidepressant that causes adverse effects when taken with tyramine-containing foods, e.g., cheese, wine.
What is phenelzine/tranylcypromine (MAOIs)?
________ is highly lipophilic, allowing rapid CNS penetration.
What is fentanyl?
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blocking agents used in anesthesia and critical care that has many adverse effects.
What is succinylcholine?
Beta blockers that act as prophylactic treatment for migraines.
What is timolol, propranolol?
Orexin antagonist used for insomnia. May cause daytime drowsiness, sleep paralysis, hallucinations, and cataplexy-like symptoms.
What is suvorexant?
In bipolar disorder, antidepressant is administered _________ a mood stabilizer is initiated.
What is after?
_________ is used for long-term relapse prevention but is not used for acute overdose.
What is naltrexone?
CNS depressant that acts at the brainstem to reduce muscle hyperactivity. Structurally similar to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), inhibiting serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways involved in muscle tone regulation.
What is cyclobenzaprine?
Treatment for chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month). Contraindicated if you have a neuromuscular disorder (e.g., myasthenia gravis).
What is Botulinum Toxin (BOTOX)?
______ interacts with warfarin and oral contraceptives due to CYP450 induction.
What are barbiturates?
Antidepressant that can also be used for neuropathic pain and migraine prophylaxis.
What is amitriptyline (TCA)?
Opioid used for diarrhea.
What is loperamide?
Fasciculations are caused by lower motor neuron hyperexcitability. This is common in ALS. _____ is the only disease-modifying drug for ALS.
What is riluzole?
Drug of choice for acute moderate-to-severe migraine headaches. Use early during a migraine attack.
What is sumatriptan (5-HT1D/1B agonist)?
_______ rapidly reverses benzodiazepine-induced sedation but is rarely used in overdose due to seizure risk.
What is flumazenil?
Antidepressant intended to control mild to moderate depression by down-regulating B-adrenergic receptors and by inhibiting glutamate release.
What is St. John’s Wort?
_______ is used for opioid dependence due to its partial agonist properties.
What is buprenorphine?
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blocking agents used in anesthesia and critical care to induce muscle relaxation.
What is vecuronium?
______ and _______ should NOT be taken within 24h of each other due to its vasoconstrictive properties.
What are ergots and triptans?