Respiratory Anatomy
This dome-shaped structure acts as the primary muscle of inspiration.
What is the diaphragm?
This is the active biological process of drawing air into the lungs.
What is inspiration?
This respiratory process provides the airflow necessary to create speech sounds.
What is expiration?
This common clinical instrument is utilized to measure lung volumes and capacities over time.
What is a spirometer?
This is the volume of air inspired or expired during the breathing cycle.
What is tidal volume?
The trachea, lungs, and bronchial passages make up this tract.
What is the lower respiratory tract?
This principle of physics states that volume and pressure are inversely related in a closed container.
What is Boyle's Law?
This pressure generated below the vocal folds is required to initiate and sustain phonation.
What is subglottal pressure?
This device measures pressure, such as oral or subglottal pressure, often using a U-tube filled with liquid or a digital pressure transducer.
What is a manometer?
This quantity in mL is the average tidal volume for a human adult.
What is around 500 mL?
This type of cell secretes mucus along the mucociliary elevator that lines the large airways.
What are goblet cells?
This is the specific site where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the lungs and the bloodstream.
What is the alveolar-capillary membrane?
During speech breathing, approximately 90% of the respiratory cycle is spent in this phase.
What is expiration?
This device uses a specialized face mask to measure the continuous rate of airflow during breathing and speech tasks.
What is a pneumotachograph?
These measurements are calculated by combining two or more lung volumes.
What are lung capacities?
The respiratory bronchioles open into these passages before terminating in alveolar sacs.
What are the alveolar ducts?
The lungs are kept expanded against the inner thoracic wall by this pressure, which is always negative compared to atmospheric pressure.
What is intrapleural pressure?
This term describes the activity of inspiratory muscles that slow the release of air at high lung volumes during speech.
What is inspiratory checking?
This non-invasive assessment tool uses elastic bands placed around the chest and abdomen to measure changes in circumference and estimate respiratory volumes.
What is respiratory inductance plethysmography?
This lung capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximum inhalation, or inspired after a maximum expiration.
What is vital capacity?
These accessory muscles of respiration can be divided into anterior, medial, and posterior portions, and elevate ribs 1 and 2.
What are the scalenes?
During quiet exhalation, this passive restoring force brings the lungs and rib cage back to their resting position without muscular effort.
What is elastic recoil?
Speakers typically begin an utterance above this lung volume level because it allows efficient control of airflow and pressure for speech production.
What is the resting expiratory level (REL)?
A physician or SLP might use this flexible, lighted tube inserted through the nasal cavity to visually assess the airway and vocal folds during the respiratory cycle.
What is an endoscope?
This lung capacity can be calculated by adding expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.
What is functional residual capacity?