Colonization & French and Indian War
The Columbian Exchange included plants, animals, ideas, and what else?
Diseases. The Europeans brought many diseases with them that the Native Americans were not immune to, which caused many deaths in the Native American population.
What happened on March 5, 1770?
The Boston Massacre, which left five colonists dead
Which of the following accomplishments is associated with George Washington?
a. helped organize the Sons of Liberty
b. Known as an author, statesman, and scientist
c. wrote the Declaration of Independence
d. served as commander of the Continental Army
d. served as commander of the Continental Army
Describe the contributions of African-Americans during the Revolutionary War.
African-Americans fought for both the British and American sides during the Revolutionary War. Both sides offered them freedom or money for fighting.
Which battle is considered the turning point in the war? Hint, it happened in New York.
By the fall of 1777, Americans had suffered many losses. They were in need of aid and wanted to make an alliance with France. But the French king did not want to get involved in another war with Great Britain that he was unsure France would win. The British wanted to capture the Hudson River in upstate New York to cut off American communications. The British, along with their Native American allies, met the American’s forces at Saratoga. The Americans were able to capture most of the British army and claim a victory. The Battle of Saratoga is considered the turning point of the war. It sparked many more American victories and convinced France to be America’s ally.
One of the reasons Europeans came to the New World was to spread ________ to the Native Americans
Christianity. Spanish and French Catholics worked as missionaries. Their mission was to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. The French were not able to change the Native American customs as much as the Spanish did. Some Native Americans were open to the idea of Christianity. Others were forced to convert to the European religions and abandon their own beliefs and customs
What happened at the Boston Massacre?
The night of March 5, 1770, was cold in Boston, but soldiers and colonists still walked the snowy streets. Tensions between the colonists and British soldiers were high after several small fights during the previous weeks. A sentry guarding the Customs House was being hassled by a group of young colonists, when other soldiers, including Captain Thomas Preston, arrived. A mob of colonists soon formed, with the men throwing ice, rocks, sticks, and other objects at the soldiers. The captain ordered his soldiers to stand firm but not to fire the muskets they carried. Amid the shouting and confusion, someone yelled "fire." One soldier fired into the crowd, quickly followed by the others. Three colonists were killed. Two other colonists would soon die from their injuries. The British soldiers involved in the incident were sent to jail.
Which Founding Father does the following describe?
- wrote the Declaration of Independence
- represented Virginia at the Second Continental Congress
Thomas Jefferson
True or false: women only openly supported the British side during the Revolutionary War.
False. Women contributed at home and at battle locations, some going as far as to become spies or to assist prisoners escaping from captivity. They organized colonial protests, assisted the military on the battlefield, and managed households and businesses while their husbands were at war.
Which battle was the last in the Revolutionary War?
Battle of Yorktown in Virginia
Right before the French and Indian War began, the British sent George Washington to tell the French they needed to get off British land. People from which Native American tribe accompanied Washington during this mission?
The Iroquois
Who defended the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre at their trial?
John Adams, patriot and lawyer. Many colonists were surprised to see him doing this job. Adams felt that giving these soldiers the best defense possible was part of his civic duty. He felt that he was serving his country and that all people deserved a fair trial.
The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired where?
Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. The shots were the result of colonial tension toward the acts passed by the British government. The colonial militia was victorious at Lexington and Concord
True or false: all Native American tribes sided with the Americans during the war.
False. The British told the Native Americans that if the Americans won, they would spread out and continue to settle on Native American lands. The Americans told Native Americans they were fighting for independence and protection of land. The British were more persuasive and won the majority of Native American alliances.
Which three Founding Fathers were sent to Paris to represent the US and discuss terms of peace after the end of the war in 1783?
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay
Where did the French and Indian War get its name from?
The French and Indian War was not a war between the French and American Indians. Both the French and American Indians fought on the same side. It is called the French and Indian War because those were the groups the British and their allies fought against.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
After the Boston Massacre, the British government removed soldiers from the colony. They also repealed many of the taxes that the colonists had been protesting. However, Great Britain was still in debt, and three years later the British government passed an act taxing tea in the colonies. Some American colonists came up with an interesting response to the Tea Act. Instead of a boycott, which had been used to respond to previous taxes, a group of colonists destroyed the tea. Several Sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans and boarded three cargo ships in Boston Harbor. They threw 342 chests of tea overboard. Today that much tea would be worth close to a million dollars! This event later became known as the Boston Tea Party.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
Based on the passage, what does "unalienable rights" mean?
Rights that are impossible to take away.
Who was the African American woman who wrote poems about slavery and freedom, winning her international fame? She also wrote poems praising Washington.
Phyllis Wheatley
True or false: America won the war with the help of the Dutch.
False. France was America's main support and apply. Spain, France's ally, also attached Britain along the Gulf of Mexico & in the Mississippi Valley, diverting British resources.
What were the Writs of Assistance?
Great Britain saw smuggling as a large problem in the colonies because it was not getting tax money on smuggled goods. Once the French and Indian War had ended, the government fought harder to control trade and collect taxes on the goods traveling to and from the colonies. The writs of assistance were used to prevent smuggling. They allowed government officials to search homes and warehouses to find smuggled goods. Many colonists considered the writs a violation of their rights. Under the writs, officials did not have to have a warrant or any proof of smuggling before completing a search.
How did Great Britain respond to the Boston Tea Party?
Great Britain reacted to the Boston Tea Party by closing the port of Boston until the colonists had paid for the destroyed tea. The British government also passed three other acts designed to punish Massachusetts and restore order. Together, these acts were known as the Coercive Acts. To coerce means to get someone to do something by threatening them or using force. The colonists had another name for the acts. They called them the Intolerable Acts because they didn’t want to tolerate, or put up with, them.
What were some grievances (reasons for complaint) against King George that the colonists stated in the Declaration of Independence?
No trial by jury, cutting off trade, imposing heavy taxes, makes judges dependent on the king, taking away colonial laws, protecting British soldiers from being punished with mock trials, etc.
A female spy known as Agent 355 helped uncover the treason of who?
Benedict Arnold - he was a major general in the Continental Army during the War who defected to the British in 1780.
Who was the American spy that was caught by the British and executed in 1776?
Nathan Hale, a schoolteacher from Connecticut, became a hero after volunteering to be an American spy during the American Revolution. He helped the American efforts by disguising himself as a Dutch teacher and spying on the British. The British discovered his true identify and executed him in 1776. He uttered his famous last words before being hanged: "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."