Respiration & Speech
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that sustains life is known as this process.
Respiration (Hoit et al., 2022)
These muscles assist inspiration by elevating and expanding the rib cage during inhalation.
External intercostal muscles (Hoit et al., 2022)
Normal quiet breathing at rest is referred to by this term.
Tidal breathing (Hoit et al., 2022)
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breathing cycle is called this.
Tidal volume (Hoit et al., 2022)
This term refers to placing a tube through the airway to assist a patient with breathing and ventilation.
Intubation (Hoit et al., 2022)
The tiny air sacs responsible for gas exchange in the lungs are called __________.
Alveoli (Hoit et al., 2022)
The muscles that pull the ribs downward and inward during expiration are the internal __________ muscles.
Internal intercostal (Hoit et al., 2022)
Voluntary breathing adjustments during speaking and singing are controlled by higher __________ centers.
Cortical (Hoit et al., 2022)
Clinicians commonly use a __________ to measure lung volumes and respiratory function.
Spirometer (Hoit et al., 2022)
__________ intubation involves placing a tube through the mouth into the airway to maintain ventilation.
Oral (Hoit et al., 2022)
Speech production depends on this respiratory function to provide airflow and pressure for phonation.
Respiratory support (Hoit et al., 2022)
When inhaling, these rib cage movements increase the thoracic cavity from front-to-back and side-to-side.
Pump-handle and bucket-handle movements (Hoit et al., 2022)
During extended speech, inspiratory muscles remain active during expiration to slow airflow in a process known as this.
Inspiratory checking (Hoit et al., 2022)
Conversational speech typically requires approximately 5–10 cmH₂O of this respiratory pressure.
Alveolar pressure (Hoit et al., 2022)
Clinicians may use this therapy to strengthen inspiratory and expiratory muscles and improve respiratory performance.
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) (Hoit et al., 2022)
Unlike speech breathing, this type of breathing occurs automatically and primarily supports life functions rather than communication.
Automatic breathing (Hoit et al., 2022)
The pulmonary apparatus naturally recoils inward, whereas the __________ tends to expand outward at rest.
Chest wall (Hoit et al., 2022)
This cranial nerve plays a major role in laryngeal function and phonation.
Vagus nerve (CN X) (Hoit et al., 2022)
Unlike tidal breathing, conversational speech typically begins at a lung volume level above the resting __________ level.
Lung volume (Hoit et al., 2022)
Unlike normal breathing through the upper airway, this medical procedure bypasses the vocal tract and changes airflow for speech production.
Tracheostomy (Hoit et al., 2022)
A patient reports becoming short of breath after speaking for only a few seconds. Damage to the lungs is interfering with the body’s ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. What respiratory process is most affected?
Gas Exchange (Hoit et al., 2022)
A patient with weakness in the primary muscle of inspiration demonstrates reduced expansion of the thoracic cavity during inhalation. Which respiratory structure is most likely affected?
Diaphragm (Hoit et al., 2022)
Speech breathing requires a longer and more controlled version of this breathing phase.
Expiratory phase (Hoit et al., 2022)
A clinician wants to evaluate a patient’s respiratory efficiency and lung function after prolonged breathing difficulties. Which assessments would most likely be performed?
Pulmonary function tests (Hoit et al., 2022)
A patient with a tracheostomy reports difficulty producing normal speech because airflow is no longer passing through the vocal tract. Which aspect of communication has been most directly affected?
Speech production (Hoit et al., 2022)