Lesson 1: The 2nd Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800s
Businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares.
What are corporations?
All workers acting collectively, or together
What is collective bargaining?
He developed a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove the impurities.
Who is Henry Bessemer?
In September 1882, dozens of New York City buildings received electricity thanks to this person.
By implementing the moving assembly line to make automobiles, Henry Ford was able to
produce more cars at a lower cost.
ownership of businesses involved involved in each step of the of a manufacturing process
what is vertical integration?
This specific group of workers first started the Knights of Labor.
Who were tailors?
He was the 1st to implement a large-scale assembly line to make cars, specifically the Model T.
Who is Henry Ford?
In May 1886 thousands of union members in Chicago went on strike because they wanted an 8hr workday. This led to what event?
What is the Haymarket Riot?
How did Alexander Graham Bell's invention improve life in the United States?
It allowed for faster communication.
A view of society based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection; the fittest would succeed in business and in life in general.
What is social darwinism?
What are skilled craftspeople being replaced by machines operated by unskilled workers who were low paid and easily replaced?
His steelmaking businesses succeeded largely through vertical integration or the ownership of businesses involved in each step off the manufacturing process.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
In 1892 a violent strike took place at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead steel factory in Pennslyvania.
What was the Homestead strike?
List the inventions that improved communication & transportation
automobile, plane, telephone
It didn't clearly define what a trust was in legal terms which made the laws difficult to enforce.
People injured, jailed or killed. People lost jobs or it didn't fully accomplish what workers wanted.
This law made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained trade.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This labor union was founded by Philadelphia tailors in 1869. Who are they and what are their accomplishments?
Knights of Labor; 1st national labor union
How did the Bessemer Process affect the railroad?
It made railroad construction cheaper, which allowed more railroads to be built. Because of that, companies built thousands of miles of steel track which allowed people and goods to be moved quickly around the country.
- Disney bought Pixar — both make movies/animation.
- Facebook bought Instagram — both are social media companies.
- Hershey bought SkinnyPop — both sell popular snack foods.
What is horizontal integration?
How were the Knights of Labor different from other unions?
They allowed Black/African American people and women to join. They also started out as a secret society.
The author of The Principles of Scientific Management that encouraged managers to view workers as interchangeable parts of production.
Who was Frederick W. Taylor?
List the benefits and disadvantages of specialization
Benefits: products made more quickly and cheaply. Disadvantages: Workers tired, bored, and more prone to injury