Pressure Ulcers
skin completely intact- red not blanch when pressed
stage 1
caused by deterioration of articular cartilage, affects weight baring joints, unsymmetrical, inflammation not common
Orthio Arthritis
types of breaks (7 types)
open break, closed break, complete FX, incomplete FX, transverse FX, oblique FX, spiral FX
Muscular Atrophy
disorder when spinal cord & nerves die causing decrease in muscle
purple & black, skin in-tack, fatty tissue below injured, feels heavy or spongey
deep-tissue pressure ulcer
skin visibly damaged- full loss of skin tissue- may see fatty tissue- skin edge rolled away
stage 3
caused by immune system attacking synarium, affects multiple body systems, symmetrical, inflammation present
Rheumatoid arthritis
signs & symptoms (BROKEN)
B-bruising w/ pain & swelling
R- reduced mvmt
O- odd appearance
K- krackling
E- edema & erythema (redness & swelling)
N- neurovascular impairment
extremely thin limbs, respiratory failure & death in extreme cases
symptoms of muscular atrophy
heals faster due to stronger, thicker & more flexible periosteum
children with fx
skin visibly damaged- not intact- partial loss of dermis-not fatty tissue visible
OSTEO
O-outgrowth S-stiffness tenderness E-Experience grading O- only joints
OA
6 p's
early sign & late sign
pain (EARLY SIGN), pallor, paralysis, paresthesia, pulselessness (LATE SIGN), poikiothemia
treatment of muscular atrophy
nutrition through tube feeding & medication
the difference between a transverse, oblique, and spiral fx
transverse- fx straight across bone shaft
oblique- fx slanted across bone shaft
spiral- fx twists around bone shaft (twisting injury or possible abuse)
skin visibly damaged-full loss of skin tissue- bone, muscle, tendon, and ligaments exposed
stage 4
7 S
S-sunrise stiffness S-soft & tender S-Swelling S-symmetrical S-stages S-synovium inflamed S-systemic (fever & inflammation)
compartments of extremities, include: muscle, blood supply, tissue, fascia
interventions for FX
immobilize fx (splint), stop bleeding (pressure), elevate (swelling), ice, NPO til physician clears
pain management meds, document, monitor
treatment post fx fix
slough color, a full-thickness injury- can't access actual depth
unstagable
what are the test used & the cure
RA test- x ray & blood test
OA- x ray
NO CURE FOR EITHER
pressure increases, blood supply decreases
causes- tissue damage due to hypoxia (lack of O2)
permanent damage if lasts longer than 6 hr
what is the difference between an open & closed FX
open-breaks through the skin (compound)
closed- fx bone & skin remain in-tack (simple)
plan of care for pressure ulcers
keep skin dry & clean (barrier creams)
clean & dry linens
Q2 turns
air bed
monitor