3.1 Homeostasis (W7)
The system that uses hormones to send messages through the blood
What is the endocrine system?
The theory describing the engulfment of oxygen-breathing bacteria by a eukaryotic cell to eventually form the mitochondria
What is endosymbiosis?
The initial, broad, rapid, and short-lived response to infection.
What is the innate immune response?
A measure of lung function (e.g. FEV1, FVC) that can help diagnose respiratory disease
What is spirometry?
A junction between two neurons where they communicate, either through electrical or chemical signals.
What is a synapse?
Sensory information from internal organs that we are not consciously aware of
What is visceral sensation?
Disease caused by mutations in genes with a direct link to the function of the electron transport chain (i.e. mtDNA or nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins).
What is primary mitochondrial disease?
Gastroenteristis that is limited locally to the epithelial layer (without mucosal breach) with rapid but self-limiting symptoms, e.g., vomiting, diarrhoea, mild fever, headaches
What is non-invasive gastroenteritis?
Exocytic release of inflammatory mediators (e.g. histamine) from mast cell granules
What is degranulation?
The process by which the ectodermal neural plate invaginates and fuses to form the hollow neural tube, which develops into the brain and spinal cord.
What is neurulation?
A method of generating heat from brown adipose tissue (BAT), as regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
What is non-shivering thermogenesis?
Folded structures of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.
What are cristae?
The third cardinal pillar of inflammation, caused by loss of tight junctions between cells
What is swelling?
A condition that affects 1/5 Australians, is commonly triggered by house dust mites (HDM), and is closely linked to asthma
What is allergic rhinitis?
A specialised type of cells that line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What is the choroid plexus?
A neurotransmitter released by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system that acts on adrenergic receptors to evoke a "fight or flight" response
What is noradrenaline?
An electron transport chain complex that accepts an electron from ubiquinone
What is Complex III?
A major hospital pathogen that typically flourishes following wide use of antibiotics, which can cause a range of toxin-mediated diseases
What is C. difficile?
A monoclonal antibody used to treat asthma, by antagonising the Fc portion of IgE to prevent it binding to mast cells
What is omalizumab?
A three hit model of schizophrenia that emphasises the interplay between genetics, neurodevelopmental risk factors, and social adversity.
What is the neurodevelopmental hypothesis?
A cell that communicates both electrically and chemically
What is a neurosecretory cell?
A measure of the enzyme activity of mitochondrial complexes to determine their function, helping to diagnose mitochondrial disease.
What is a respiratory chain enzymology assay?
A zoonotic infection that typically causes self-limiting gastroenteritis and is less severe than enteric fever.
What is non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS?)
A common type of non-eosinophilic asthma characterised by normal counts of both eosinophils (<1.9%) and neutrophils (<61%)
What is paucigranulocytic asthma?
One of the brain's dopaminergic pathways that communicates from the midbrain to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, regulating cognitive control, motivation, and emotion.
What is the mesocortical pathway?