Energy
Give an example of an autotroph.
Anything that uses energy from the sun to create food. (plants)
What type of energy is used in photosynthesis?
sunlight/solar
Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?
mitochondria
What is the ability to do work called?
Energy
The building block of matter; contains subatomic particles—neutrons, protons, and electrons are called what?
Atoms
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
anabolic USES energy to BUILD molecules.
catabolic BREAKS DOWN molecules to RELEASE energy.
Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?
chloroplasts
Is cellular respiration an anabolic or catabolic pathway?
catabolic
What is an organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms called?
Heterotroph
What is the protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction?
An enzyme
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What molecule is split in the light-dependent reactions?
water
Glycolysis does NOT require what?
Oxygen
What is the light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll or carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts called?
Pigments
What is a cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic cell
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic processes require oxygen
anaerobic processes do not require oxygen
What is formed during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis?
Glucose
Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through the process of _________.
glycolysis
The light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose are called what?
The Calvin Cycle
What is a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
diffusion
Describe the first law of thermodynamics.
Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere was generated by marine organisms such as cyanobacteria, which are sometimes called blue-green algae.
By what process did cyanobacteria oxygenate the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis
What substance would increase if the yeast cells are performing fermentation?
Alcohol
The process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen is called what?
Fermentation
What is a membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes?
Vacuole