Our mind naturally connects events that occur in sequence
What is association?
100
The father of the classical conditioning theory.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
100
With _________, we learn associations between our behavior and resulting events.
What is operant conditioning?
100
When rats learn to avoid poisoned food by digesting it; if they are sickened after sampling a new food, they avoid it.
What is taste aversion?
100
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
What is modeling?
200
We learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crack of thunder, so that when lightning flashes nearby, we start to brace ourselves. The flash of lightning and the thunder are examples of what?
What is a stimulus?
200
This kind of stimulus does not elicit a response before conditioning.
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?
200
The father of operant conditioning who elaborated on Thorndike's law of effect (rewarded behavior is likely to recur).
Who is B.F. Skinner?
200
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
What is latent learning?
200
Behavior that is positive, constructive, and helpful.
What is prosocial behavior or what is prosocial effects?
300
When we learn to expect and prepare for significant events such as food or pain?
What is classical conditioning?
300
In Pavlov's experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n)...
What is a conditioned stimulus?
300
When you remove an aversive stimulus, such fastening your seat belt to end the loud beeping of your car's seat belt reminder, this is called
What is negative reinforcement?
300
When a student tries to do well on his test so that he can receive a scratch and sniff sticker from his teacher, this is called
What is extrinsic motivation?
300
Some scientists believe that the brain has _______ that enable observation and imitation.
What are mirror neurons?
400
The acquisition of new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
What is learning?
400
After Watson and Rayner classically conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat, the child later showed fear in response to a rabbit, a dog, and a sealskin coat. This illustrates what principle in classical conditioning.
What is generalization?
400
Playing slot machines is on what schedule of reinforcement.
What is the variable-interval schedule?
400
When there is no grade at stake, and you are curious enough to want to learn the material for its own sake, this is called
What is intrinsic motivation?
400
The violence-viewing effects discussed in regards to children watching violent movies or playing violent video games indicates that observational learning may have what?
What is antisocial effects?
500
When we learn new behaviors by observing events and by watching others, and through language we learn things we have neither experienced nor observed.
What is cognitive learning?
500
If the aroma of cookies baking starts your mouth watering, what is the US, the CS and the CR in this situation?
What is the cake (and its taste) are the US, the aroma is the CS, and the salivation or mouth watering is the CR.
500
There are 4 major drawbacks to punishment. Name one of them.
What is:
1. Punished behavior is suppressed, not forgotten.
2. Punishment teaches discrimination among situations.
3. Punishment can teach fear.
4. Physical punishment can increase aggression by modeling aggression to deal with problems.
500
When rats learn to explore a maze, without any obvious rewards, and yet are able to later recall the layout of the maze, this is called
What is a cognitive map?
500
By watching a model, we experience vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment and we learn to anticipate a behavior's consequences in situations like those we are observing. Albert Bandura's experiment with these demonstrated this observational learning.