People
The Spanish King who took control of Portugal but failed in his invasion of England
Phillip II
Country in Europe where they speakFrench
France
A war fought by other European nations against France and Spain -- when they tried to unite their thrones
The War of Spanish Succession
A ruler with complete control
Absolute monarch
The idea that a ruler receives the right to rule from God
Divine Right
French king who was an absolute ruler
Louis XIV
Country in Europe that became rich with Gold and Silver from European Exploration
Spain
A conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families
Thirty Years' War
Belief that nothing could be known for certain
skepticism
an official of the french government
intendant
Ruler who added lands to Russia, gave it a code of laws, and also used his secret police to execute traitors
Ivan the Terrible
Country in Europe where Peter the Great started to Westernize
Russia
A conflict from 1756-1763 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia and other countries
Seven Years' War
Use of western Europe as a model of change
Westernization
A russian noble who owned land
boyar
Leader of the Puritans
Oliver Cromwell
Country that established the first constitutional monarchy in Europe
England
Bloodless overthrow of King James II
Glorious Revolution
Government in which laws limit the monarch's power
Constitutional monarchy
group of government ministers that was a link between the monarch and Parliament
cabinet
Chief minister of France who reduced the power of the nobles
Cardinal Richelieu
Prussia
War fought from 1642 to 1649 between the Royalists or Cavaliers, and the Puritan supporters of Parliament
English Civil War
Period after the monarchy was restored in England
Restoration
An order that gave Huguenots the right to live in peace in Catholic France
Edict of Nantes