Cardiac Anatomy
Cardiac Physiology
Vascular Anatomy
Vascular Physiology
Young and Old
100
Four chambers of the heart and their functions
What is RA collects blood from systemic circuit, RV pumps blood to pulmonary circuit, LA collects blood from pulmonary circuit, LV pumps blood to systemic circuit
100
Features of an EKG and their corresponding events
What is P wave and atrial depolarization, QRS complex and ventricular depolarization, T wave and ventricular repolarization
100
Order of blood vessels from and to heart
What is arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
100
Equation for resistance
What is R = 1/r4
100
Age related changes in blood, heart, heart vessels
What is decreased hematocrit, blood clots, venous valve deterioration, decreased CO, changes in nodal and conducting cells, reduced elasticity, calcium deposits on vessel walls, atherosclerotic plaques
200
Covers the heart including and its specific layers/locations
What is pericardium, inner layer is visceral, outer layer is parietal
200
Pathway of conducting cells
What is SA node > internodal pathways > AV node > AV Bundle > Bundle Branches > moderator band and Purkinje fibers
200
Three layers of arteries and veins and functions
What is tunica intima and endothelial lining, tunica media and smooth muscle, tunica externa and connective tissue
200
Factors affecting vascular resistance
What is vessel length, vessel diameter, viscosity and turbulence
200
Ways in which pulmonary circulation is bypassed in fetus, including locations
What is foramen ovale (between RA and LA) and ductus arteriosus (between pulmonic and aortic trunks)
300
Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
What is intercalated discs, small size, single nucleus, branched
300
Equation for cardiac output
What is CO = HR x SV
300
Two major types of capillaries
What is continuous and fenestrated
300
Hormones that decrease blood pressure
What is ANP and BNP
300
Change at birth due to increased O2 levels
What is constriction of ductus arteriosus
400
Coronary sinus
What receives blood from the coronary veins?
400
Frank-Starling Principle
What is the greater the EDV, the larger the stroke volume
400
Holds majority of blood
What is venous system
400
Hormones that increase blood pressure
What is ADH, Angiotensin II, Erythropoietin
400
Change caused at birth by increased pressure in left atrium
What is closure of flap over foramen ovale
500
Events (including movement of ions) associated with a cardiac contraction
What is rapid depolarization and Na+ entering cell, plateau and Ca2+ entering cell as Na+ leaves, repolarization and K+ leaving cell
500
Three types of arteries and their functions
What is elastic arteries and transport blood away from heart, muscular arteries and distribution, arterioles and resistance vessels
500
How filtration and reabsorption take place at the capillary bed (including the two relevant pressures) You may draw this on the white board
At the arterial end of the capillary, filtration takes place with hydrostatic pressure pushing fluid and small solutes out of the capillaries into the ISF. On the venous end, reabsorption takes place with osmotic pressure driving fluid back into the capillaries.
500
Blood flow to and from placenta (you may draw this on the white board)
What is internal iliac arteries > umbilical arteries > placenta > umbilical vein > ductus venosus > inferior vena cava
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