60-65% in men, 50-54% in women, and 75% in infants
What is the percentage of the body that is made up of water
100
The diet order given when a patient will be having surgery under general anesthesia because it eliminates the risk of aspiration during the procedure
What is NPO ("nothing by mouth")
100
Low manufacture/undersecretion of insulin or inability to use insulin efficiently
What is the cause of Diabetes
100
Obesity, Poorly Controlled Diabetes, and Hypertension
What are common conditions that increase the risk of kidney disease
100
This type of fluid is outside the cell and can be any of the following types: interstitial, intravascular, lymph, and transcellular
What is extracellular fluid
200
The accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid in interstitial spaces (between or surrounding the cells)
What is edema
200
In total parenteral nutrition (TPN) where feedings are received through a central vein, the most common placement for the line
What is the superior vena cava
200
90-95% of people with diabetes have this type
What is Type 2 Diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
200
The process in the kidneys that removes urea, creatinine, uric acid, and undesirable amounts of chloride, potassium, sodium, and hydrogen ions from the blood
What is filtration
200
A type of feeding method where formula or liquid is delivered through a tube directly into the gastrointestinal tract
What is enteral tube feeding
300
Helps the body maintain the correct pH levels of various body fluids
What are electrolytes
300
A type of tube feeding that gives a 4-6 hour volume of feeding solution in the span of just a few minutes
What is Bolus feeding
300
Glucose intolerance in pregnancy that usually disappears after giving birth
What is Gestational Diabetes
300
When kidneys are impaired, this process is required to diffuse blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials and to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
What is dialysis
300
This is a common complication of diabetes and causes lack of sensation in the extremities, especially the feet
What is diabetic neuropathy
400
Two hormones that control excretion of water in the body
What are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone
400
Eating smaller meals, avoiding or limiting sugar, only consuming small amounts of liquid during meals, avoiding extreme temperatures in food, and lying down for 30-60 minutes after eating
What are things that can be done to prevent Dumping Syndrome
400
Polyuria (increased urination), Polydipsia (increased thirst), and Polyphagia (increased appetite and weight loss)
What are the three classic symptoms/signs of Type 1 Diabetes
400
When the kidneys can not excrete this, the following serious symptoms can occur: overhydration, edema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure
What is sodium
400
This nutrient is important to monitor in a diabetic's diet because it has the greatest impact on blood glucose levels
What is CHO (carbohydrates)
500
The minimum amount of urine that must be eliminated daily from the body (obligatory excretion)
What is 400-600 ML
500
Milk and milk products, raw or dried fruits and vegetables, fried foods, spicy foods, and foods containing nuts and seeds
What are foods that should be avoided on a low residue diet
500
When a diabetic's glucose level drops below 60 mg/dL (hypoglycemia), this should be consumed immediately to increase blood sugar
What is 15 grams of carbohydrate
500
People suffering from this should drink 13 cups of water per day (3000mL) to prevent the formation of concentrated urine which can crystalize
What are kidney stones
500
For patients with renal disease, these minerals must be carefully monitored in the diet to prevent serious complications
What are sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and iron