Parts of the Cell
non-membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis
ribosomes
rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
cell wall
larger membrane-bound organelle used for storage of food, water, or waste
vacuole
random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with a concentration gradient) until the concentration reaches equilibrium
diffusion
membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through
semipermeable membrane
the semi-permeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell's surroundings
plasma membrane
largest and one of the most important organelles in a eukaryotic cell; often called the control center of the cell
nucleus
organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and some lipids
lysosome
diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute conc) to low water concentration (high solute conc)
osmosis
movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input
passive transport
jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cytoplasm
smaller membrane-bound organelle used mainly for transport of food, waste, or products synthesized for secretion
vesicle
ER with no ribosomes
Smooth ER
solution that has a low solute concentration (and thus a high water concentration) relative to another solution
hypotonic solution
movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input
active transport
tiny cellular structure that carries out a specific function necessary for the cell to survive
organelle
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Rough ER
powerhouse of the cell - responsible for cellular respiration
mitochondria
solution that has a high solute concentration (and thus a low water concentration) relative to another solution
hypertonic solution
measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
concentration
four (4) structures that are common to all cells
DNA, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and modified to suit the needs of the cell
Golgi apparatus
organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution
isotonic
difference in the concentration of like molecules in two areas, like on each side of a plasma membrane
concentration gradient