MODULE 4 VOCAB

Transcription Basics

100

What is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription

Promoter

200

What is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the DNA template during transcription

RNA Polymerase

300

What is the strand of DNA that serves as a guide for RNA synthesis

Template Strand

400

What are the three main stages of transcription 

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

500

What is the product of transcription that carries genetic information to the ribosome

mRNA

Translation Steps

100

What is the codon (AUG) that signals the beginning of translation

Start Codon

200

What is the molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome during translation

tRNA

300

What are the locations on the ribosome where tRNA binds during translation

A site, P site, E site

400

What is the process during translation where amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain

Elongation

500

What signals the end of translation

Stop Codon

RNA Processing

100

What is the modification addded to the 5’ end of mRNA to protect it from degradation

5’ Cap

200

What is the series of adenine nucleotides added to the 3’ end of mRNA to increase stability 

Poly-A Tail

300

What is the process of removing introns and joining exons in mRNA

Splicing

400

What are the non-coding regions of RNA that are removed during RNA processing

Introns

500

What are the coding regions of RNA that remain after splicing

Exons 

General Genetic Concepts

100

What is a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Codon

200

What is the term for the set of rules that determine how nucleotide sequences specify amino acids

Genetic Code

300

What term describes the fact that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

Redundancy

400

What describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

Central Dogma

500

What describes the pairing of adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cystosine (C) with guanine (G) in DNA

Nucleotide Pairing