Poverty Measures
Two major categories of poverty measures
What are absolute and relative measures?
The two types of income support programs.
What are selective and universal programs?
This branch of government holds the "power of the purse" and is responsible for making spending and tax decisions in the United States.
What is Congress?
A main theory of poverty, or that people are overcharged for goods and services relative to their value.
What is exploitation?
This category accounted for 13% of the federal budget in 2024 and includes operations, maintenance, military personnel, and weapons procurement.
What is defense spending?
Give an example of an absolute and relative poverty measure
What are…
Absolute: U.S Official Poverty Measure (OPM) and
Relative: Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)/Principal Poverty Measure (PPM) ?
Give three examples of means tested income support programs
What are SNAP, TANF, SSI, Cash Assistance?
Examples of this type of spending include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and SNAP
What is Mandatory Spending?
Criminalization of this action, also a human right, is leading to workers making below the minimum wage.
What is immigration?
In 2024, this program provided monthly benefits averaging $1,922 to 51.5 million retired workers.
What is Social Security?
The three types of economic resources.
What are income, consumption, and wealth?
Income Support Program that aims to decrease the impact of payroll taxes on low-income families with children and increase work effort.
What is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) ?
Examples of this type of spending include programs like defense, education, and scientific research.
What is Discretionary Spending?
This theory of poverty states that one cause of poverty in the US is that federal funds allocated to programs don't always end up in the hands of intended recipients.
What is the "leaky bucket" theory.
In 2024, the federal government spent $892 billion, or 13% of its budget, on this type of payment for money borrowed to finance past deficits.
What is interest on the federal debt?
The type of measure that compares one's economic resources with a threshold derived from the resources held by others in society.
What are Relative Poverty Measures?
Limitations and criticisms of means-tested income support programs.
What are….
disincentivizes work and savings, high administrative costs, low participation due to stigma and complexity of the application process, and benefit delays. ?
This is a detailed annual proposal which is submitted to Congress, and outlines fiscal policy, spending priorities, and revenue collection for the upcoming fiscal year.
What is the President's Budget Request?
These actions by the United States led to poverty in other countries, like many in Central America and Southeast Asia.
What are regime-change wars?
This category, which accounted for 7% of the federal budget in 2024, includes programs like the Earned Income Tax Credit, SNAP, and unemployment Insurance.
What are economic security programs?
The limitations and criticisms of the OPM.
What are….
Outdated information - based on research and data from 1950-60s
Excludes transfer assets - SNAP, EITC, and CTC
and
Changes in cohabitation and family structure reduce accuracy ?
Give an example of a NYC income support program that is selective and one that is universal.
What are….
Selective: HEAP, FFNYC, Section 8, NYCHA, HASA, NYC Care
and
Universal: IDNYC, Homebase, Access NYC, Community Food Connection (food pantries)?
A concurrent resolution passed by Congress that sets spending and revenue targets for the next fiscal year, but does not enact spending or tax laws.
What is the Congressional Budget Resolution?
In the US, a relatively steady poverty rate has coincided with a(n) "blank" in spending on programs aimed to address poverty.
What is increase?
This program accounted for 24% of the federal budget in 2024 and includes Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and ACA subsidies.
What is health insurance?