Reproduction
This type of reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
What is asexual reproduction?
DNA is replicated during this phase of the cell cycle.
What is interphase?
In DNA, adenine pairs with this base.
What is thymine?
Different versions of the same gene are called these.
What are alleles?
The observable characteristics of an organism.
What is phenotype?
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
What is pollination?
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the growing strand during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
The process of synthesising mRNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
The random orientation of homologous pairs at metaphase I leads to this source of variation.
What is independent assortment?
In an Aa × Aa cross, this is the probability of an offspring being homozygous recessive.
What is 1/4 (25%)?
In this type of fertilisation, gametes are released into water and fuse outside the body, as in many fish and amphibians.
What is external fertilisation?
A normal human egg cell contains this many chromosomes.
What is 23?
A sequence of three mRNA bases that codes for one amino acid.
What is a codon?
The insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide shifts the reading frame; this is the name of this mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
When a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink offspring, this pattern is at work.
What is incomplete dominance?
Horticulturalists use this technique of taking a stem piece from a parent plant to grow a genetically identical new plant.
What is a cutting (vegetative propagation)?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs in this stage of meiosis.
What is prophase I?
These non-coding sections of a eukaryotic gene are removed from pre-mRNA before translation.
What are introns?
The cellular process of controlling the timing, location, and amount of gene expression to turn genes "on" or "off"
What is gene regulation?
This technique produces many copies of a specific DNA segment so it can be analysed.
What is the polymerase chain reaction?
Dolly the sheep was produced by this technique, which places a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg.
What is somatic cell nuclear transfer?
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) results from this failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during meiosis.
What is non-disjunction?
For the DNA template strand TAC GGT CAA, this is the mRNA sequence.
What is AUG CCA GUU?
Traits such as human height and skin colour are controlled by many genes acting together and show continuous variation. This term describes that pattern of inheritance.
What is polygenic inheritance?
DNA profiling compares these short sequences, whose number of repeats varies between individuals.
What are short tandem repeats (STRs)?