EMERGENCY!
What is the goal of providing emergency care to a pt?
help stabilize the pt and prevent further injury
Occurs when bone end slips out of socket or when capsule surrounding joint is stretched or torn.
Tx- manipulation to reposition, meds, splint/sling and rehab
Dislocation
this can ingested, inhaled, absorbed, injected or obtained by radiation and most occur in the home.
Poisoning
Description: low blood glucose level, insulin reaction or insulin shock-imbalance between insulin levels/blood glucose in body
Tx: given glucagon meds to raise levels.
S & Sx: fainting, seizures, headache, coma and confusion
Severe hypoglycemia
When being discharged pts should have clear understanding of 3 things?
what to expect during recovery, how to care for surgical incision at home and what tx to do with surgery complications
Name 10 NHA examples of life threatening situations.
cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, uncontrolled bleeding, head injury, poisoning, open chest wound, open abdominal wound, shock, 3rd degree burn, 4th degree burn
two broad terms classify these: closed or open. open is compound (have greater chance of infection)
Tx- stop bleeding, elevate body part, apply pressure. immobilize area, ice pack
fracture
type of wound where outer layers are rubbed away due to scraping
Abrasion
Description: pt loses an excessive amount of body fluids/blood (hemorrhagic shock. Causes-prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration
S/Sx: thirst, muscle cramping, chest pain, confusion, lethargy
Tx: control of blood loss, transfusion and IV fluids
Hypovolemic shock
9 standard instructions post procedure to be sent home with pts.
site clean and dry, no stress on area, drink fluids, proper rest, return for f/u appt, activity restrictions (bath/exercise), diet restrictions, wound care and meds.
what critical info should CCMA obtain via phone in an emergency? 6 according to NHA
pt name, contact info, location, what is situation, when did it start, status of pt (breathing/pulse/conscious)
STAY ON THE PHONE UNTIL EMS ARRIVES
the response of the cardiovascular system to the presence of adrenaline resulting in capillary constriction. low bp, decreased kidney fx.
shock
laceration
Description: when body temp varies too much over it normal range
S/Sx: muscle cramping (imbalance of electrolytes), pale and clammy skin
Tx: cold compress or ice packs
Heat stroke/Heat Exhaustion
What is the difference between SPRAIN and STRAIN?
Sprain caused by stretched or torn ligament
Strain is stretched or torn muscle or tendon
TX- RICE
What is the "golden hour" in emergencies
first hour after the time of injury or appearance of sx. Rapid intervention in trauma/emergency must be provided asap for best outcome.
Uncontrolled muscle activity, caused by high body temp, head injury, drugs and epilepsy
seizure
Four types of wounds ?
abrasion, incision, laceration, and puncture
Description: food aspiration while eating-food enters trachea.
S/Sx: not being able to cough or speak
Tx: abdominal thrusts
Obstructed airway or choking
Description: brief unconsciousness-result of underlying condition or disease
S/Sx- pale, perspiring and N/V
Tx: ammonia capsules
Syncope
What is an emergency situation
any conditions that leads to cardiac or respiratory failure that mandates life saving measures: calling 911 and CPR
escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
Hemorrhage
any break in the skin from injury or surgical incision
Open wound
Description: exposure to cold temps, skin is exposed to freezing temps. tissues do not get oxygen supply
S/Sx- redness or tingling (nose/ears/fingers/toes), shivering, numbness, paleness, confusion
Tx: remove wet clothing, cover with blanket, warm/dry compresses/beverages
Hypothermia or frostbite
When should pt notify provider post procedure? (5)
usual pain or burning, swelling/redness, bleeding/drainage/odor, fever over 100 F, n/v