Revolution
After finding the doors to their meeting place locked, the National Assembly moved to a nearby indoor tennis court and swore that
they would continue meeting until they had a constitution. The oath they swore is known as the ...
Tennis Court Oath
In 1802 Napoleon was made consul for life. Two years later, he crowned himself ______________
Emperor
To stay in power, the Directory began to rely on the military, but one military leader turned on the government. In 1799 the successful and popular general ______________ _____________ toppled the Directory in a coup d’état, a sudden overthrow of the government and seized power.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Since the Middle Ages, France’s population had been divided by law into one of three status groups, or ___________.
Estates
To defend France from domestic threats, the Committee adopted policies that became known as the _________ ____________________.
Reign of Terror
Fearing the spread of revolution to their countries, the rulers of _________ and __________ even threatened to use force to restore
Louis XVI to full power.
Austria and Prussia
Napoleon rose quickly through the ranks. Napoleon defeated the armies of the __________________ and their ___________ allies.
Papal States / Austrian
Paris was captured in March 1814. Napoleon was soon sent into ___________________________ on the island of Elba, off the northwest coast of Italy.
Exiled
The ___________________ Or middle class, was another part of the Third Estate. This group included about 8 percent of the population, or 2.3 million people.
Bourgeoise
The Committee of Public Safety took other steps to control and shape a French society. Robespierre called this new order the ___________________________ - a democratic republic composed of good citizens.
Republic of Virtue
Social conditions formed a long-standing background to the French Revolution. The immediate cause of the revolution was the..
Near collapse of the French budget
Lacking food and supplies for his army, Napoleon abandoned the Russian capital in late October. As the winter snows began, Napoleon led the “___________________________” west across Russia
Great Retreat
Thousands of soldiers _________ and ________ along the way back from Russia with Napoleon
Starved/Froze
In his domestic policies, then, Napoleon did keep some major reforms of the French Revolution. Under the Civil Code, all citizens were _________ before the law.
Equal
Violence erupted in the streets in September, leaving thousands dead. New leaders of the people emerged, including ______________________________, who published a radical journal called Friend of the People.
Jean-Paul Marat
Where did the first “revolt” of the revolution happen?
At the Bastille
Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was to codify the laws. Seven law codes were created, but the most important was the ____________________, or Napoleonic Code, introduced in 1804.
Civil Code
After Paris was captured in March 1814, the victorious powers restored monarchy to France in the person of _____________________, brother of the executed king, Louis XVI.
Louis XVIII
Napoleon is also well known because he created a strong, centralized administration. He focused on developing a bureaucracy of _______________________________
capable officials
*************** DAILY DOUBLE ***************
After 1789, citizens had enthusiastically formed political clubs of varying social and political views. What were the names of the 2 factions?
The Mountain and the Girondins
List and Label the members of each Estate.
1st - Clergy/Church
2nd - Nobles/Nobility
3rd - Commoners/ Bourgeoisie and Peasants
In Paris, Napoleon took part in the coup d’état of 1799 that overthrew the Directory and set up a new government, the _______________.
Consulate
By August of 1792, the monarchy was over. Rallied by the newly appointed minister of justice, __________ _________________, the sans-culottes attacked the palace, and the royal family had to seek protection from the Legislative Assembly.
Georges Danton
Why did the Third Estate object to how votes were counted in the Estates-General? Explain.
The old system said each estate had 1 vote. The Third estate could be outvoted 2-1 on anything. The Third Estate wanted each delegate to have a vote.
How did the Committee of Public Safety defend its brutal actions against the people? Explain
The Committee of Public Safety said that their actions were only temporary. They had to rid the country of all corruption.